Publications
2026 |
Ren, Wencai; Boggild, Peter; Redwing, Joan; Novoselov, Kostya S; Sun, Luzhao; Qi, Yue; Jia, Kaicheng; Liu, Zhongfan; Burton, Oliver; Alexander-Webber, Jack; Hofmann, Stephan; Cao, Yang; Long, Yu; Yang, Quan-Hong; Li, Dan; Choi, Soo Ho; Kim, Ki Kang; Lee, Young Hee; Li, Mian; Huang, Qing; Gogotsi, Yury; Clark, Nicholas; Carl, Amy; Gorbachev, Roman; Olsen, Thomas; Rosen, Johanna; Thygesen, Kristian Sommer; Efetov, Dmitri K; Jessen, Bjarke S; Yankowitz, Matthew; Barrier, Julien; Kumar, Roshan Krishna; Koppens, Frank H L; Deng, Hui; Li, Xiaoqin; Dai, Siyuan; Basov, D N; Wang, Xinran; Das, Saptarshi; Duan, Xiangfeng; Yu, Zhihao; Borsch, Markus; Ferrari, Andrea C; Huber, Rupert; Kira, Mackillo; Xia, Fengnian; Wang, Xiao; Wu, Zhong-Shuai; Feng, Xinliang; Simon, Patrice; Cheng, Hui-Ming; Liu, Bilu; Xie, Yi; Jin, Wanqin; Nair, Rahul Raveendran; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Qing; Katiyar, Ajit K; Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Aharonovich, Igor; Hersam, Mark C; Roche, Stephan; Hua, Qilin; Shen, Guozhen; Ren, Tianling; Zhang, Hao-Bin; Koo, Chong Min; Koratkar, Nikhil; Pellegrini, Vittorio; Young, Robert J; Qu, Bill; Lemme, Max; Pollard, Andrew J The 2D materials roadmap 15 2D MATERIALS, 13 (2), 2026, DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ae2b82. @article{WOS:001718544600001, title = {The 2D materials roadmap}, author = {Wencai Ren and Peter Boggild and Joan Redwing and Kostya S Novoselov and Luzhao Sun and Yue Qi and Kaicheng Jia and Zhongfan Liu and Oliver Burton and Jack Alexander-Webber and Stephan Hofmann and Yang Cao and Yu Long and Quan-Hong Yang and Dan Li and Soo Ho Choi and Ki Kang Kim and Young Hee Lee and Mian Li and Qing Huang and Yury Gogotsi and Nicholas Clark and Amy Carl and Roman Gorbachev and Thomas Olsen and Johanna Rosen and Kristian Sommer Thygesen and Dmitri K Efetov and Bjarke S Jessen and Matthew Yankowitz and Julien Barrier and Roshan Krishna Kumar and Frank H L Koppens and Hui Deng and Xiaoqin Li and Siyuan Dai and D N Basov and Xinran Wang and Saptarshi Das and Xiangfeng Duan and Zhihao Yu and Markus Borsch and Andrea C Ferrari and Rupert Huber and Mackillo Kira and Fengnian Xia and Xiao Wang and Zhong-Shuai Wu and Xinliang Feng and Patrice Simon and Hui-Ming Cheng and Bilu Liu and Yi Xie and Wanqin Jin and Rahul Raveendran Nair and Yan Xu and Qing Zhang and Ajit K Katiyar and Jong-Hyun Ahn and Igor Aharonovich and Mark C Hersam and Stephan Roche and Qilin Hua and Guozhen Shen and Tianling Ren and Hao-Bin Zhang and Chong Min Koo and Nikhil Koratkar and Vittorio Pellegrini and Robert J Young and Bill Qu and Max Lemme and Andrew J Pollard}, doi = {10.1088/2053-1583/ae2b82}, times_cited = {15}, issn = {2053-1583}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-06-01}, journal = {2D MATERIALS}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd}, address = {No.2 The Distillery, Glassfields, Avon Street, Bristol, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Over the past two decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have rapidly evolved into a diverse and expanding family of material platforms. Many members of this materials class have demonstrated their potential to deliver transformative impact on fundamental research and technological applications across different fields. In this roadmap, we provide an overview of the key aspects of 2D material research and development, spanning synthesis, properties and commercial applications. We specifically present roadmaps for high impact 2D materials, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes as well as their heterostructures and moir & eacute; systems. The discussions are organized into thematic sections covering emerging research areas (e.g. twisted electronics, moir & eacute; nano-optoelectronics, polaritronics, quantum photonics, and neuromorphic computing), breakthrough applications in key technologies (e.g. 2D transistors, energy storage, electrocatalysis, filtration and separation, thermal management, flexible electronics, sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, and composites) and other important topics (computational discovery of novel materials, commercialization and standardization). This roadmap focuses on the current research landscape, future challenges and scientific and technological advances required to address, with the intent to provide useful references for promoting the development of 2D materials.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past two decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have rapidly evolved into a diverse and expanding family of material platforms. Many members of this materials class have demonstrated their potential to deliver transformative impact on fundamental research and technological applications across different fields. In this roadmap, we provide an overview of the key aspects of 2D material research and development, spanning synthesis, properties and commercial applications. We specifically present roadmaps for high impact 2D materials, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes as well as their heterostructures and moir & eacute; systems. The discussions are organized into thematic sections covering emerging research areas (e.g. twisted electronics, moir & eacute; nano-optoelectronics, polaritronics, quantum photonics, and neuromorphic computing), breakthrough applications in key technologies (e.g. 2D transistors, energy storage, electrocatalysis, filtration and separation, thermal management, flexible electronics, sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, and composites) and other important topics (computational discovery of novel materials, commercialization and standardization). This roadmap focuses on the current research landscape, future challenges and scientific and technological advances required to address, with the intent to provide useful references for promoting the development of 2D materials.
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Litvinov, Dmitrii; Gavriliuc, Virgil; Grzeszczyk, Magdalena; Vaklinova, Kristina; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Novoselov, Kostya S; Koperski, Maciej Surface defects in carbon-doped hexagonal boron nitride for negative-contrast direct laser writing 2D MATERIALS, 13 (2), 2026, DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ae463c. @article{WOS:001701838600001, title = {Surface defects in carbon-doped hexagonal boron nitride for negative-contrast direct laser writing}, author = {Dmitrii Litvinov and Virgil Gavriliuc and Magdalena Grzeszczyk and Kristina Vaklinova and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Kostya S Novoselov and Maciej Koperski}, doi = {10.1088/2053-1583/ae463c}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {2053-1583}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-06-01}, journal = {2D MATERIALS}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd}, address = {No.2 The Distillery, Glassfields, Avon Street, Bristol, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Radiative defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are active in a broad spectral range from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Representatives of these defects act as bright single photon sources, spin-1 systems, and multiproperty atomic-scale sensors. They are predominantly investigated in bulk hBN films, where defects are decoupled from surface and interfacial effects. Here, we demonstrate a novel class of surface defects optically active in the green/yellow visible spectral range, which exhibit photophysical properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. High-power resonant laser illumination quenched the emission from the ensemble of such defects, which was attributed to a light-driven structural reconfiguration. The quenched defects were found to recover their emissive capabilities via a thermal cycling process, revealing an activation energy of 24.5 meV for the structural transition. Alternatively, permanent quenching of the defects was triggered by surface chemistry, involving lithiation-enabled attachment of functional groups. These mechanisms were utilized to realize negative-contrast direct laser writing, designing arbitrary geometric emissive patterns on demand in a microscopic configuration. The surface-active radiative centers in hBN appear particularly attractive for exploring environmental sensitivity, surface science, and coupling to photonic structures or electronic devices by taking unique advantage of the two-dimensional characteristics of the host lattice.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Radiative defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are active in a broad spectral range from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Representatives of these defects act as bright single photon sources, spin-1 systems, and multiproperty atomic-scale sensors. They are predominantly investigated in bulk hBN films, where defects are decoupled from surface and interfacial effects. Here, we demonstrate a novel class of surface defects optically active in the green/yellow visible spectral range, which exhibit photophysical properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. High-power resonant laser illumination quenched the emission from the ensemble of such defects, which was attributed to a light-driven structural reconfiguration. The quenched defects were found to recover their emissive capabilities via a thermal cycling process, revealing an activation energy of 24.5 meV for the structural transition. Alternatively, permanent quenching of the defects was triggered by surface chemistry, involving lithiation-enabled attachment of functional groups. These mechanisms were utilized to realize negative-contrast direct laser writing, designing arbitrary geometric emissive patterns on demand in a microscopic configuration. The surface-active radiative centers in hBN appear particularly attractive for exploring environmental sensitivity, surface science, and coupling to photonic structures or electronic devices by taking unique advantage of the two-dimensional characteristics of the host lattice.
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Ramasubramanian, Brindha; Dutta, Rajdeep; Koperski, Maciej; Chellappan, Vijila; Senthilnath, J Multi-property optimization for designing carbon electrodes JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 676 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239872. @article{WOS:001730079900001, title = {Multi-property optimization for designing carbon electrodes}, author = {Brindha Ramasubramanian and Rajdeep Dutta and Maciej Koperski and Vijila Chellappan and J Senthilnath}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239872}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0378-7753}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-06-01}, journal = {JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}, volume = {676}, publisher = {ELSEVIER}, address = {RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {In this paper, we propose a novel approach termed as Multi-Property Optimization of Estimated Symbolic Expressions (MPOESE) to systematically optimize carbon electrode properties using a dataset comprising 300 data points compiled from the literature spanning from 2005 to 2025. The dataset captures key input parameters, including precursor type, synthesis method, activation temperature, process time, activation agents, and atmospheric conditions alongside output parameters such as specific surface area, pore volume, and particle size. The proposed approach, MPOESE, leverages the strengths of symbolic regression (SR) to estimate mathematical expressions of multiple outputs and Bayesian Optimization (BO) to determine their optimal values. Using limited data available in the literature, MPOESE estimates nonlinear relations and multivariate dependencies between the variable synthesis conditions that are not readily discernible through traditional trial-and-error experimentation or statistical regression. These estimated functional mappings allow the adopted multi-objective BO technique to explore the material search space and find the optimal set of solutions. Among them, one specific solution using plastic as the precursor material was selected for its ease of availability and was experimentally validated. The results imply that under controlled pyrolysis with KOH activation at 700 degrees C and moderate dwell time (similar to 1 h), these feed stocks can yield carbons with exceptionally high microporosity (>1.2 cm(3) g(-1)) and surface areas above 1150 m(2) g(-1). This study underscores the role of symbolic approximation and multi-objective optimization in navigating complex material design space, enabling rapid evidence-based recommendations for sustainable precursors, and accelerating the rational design of high-performance carbon architectures for electrochemical energy storage systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we propose a novel approach termed as Multi-Property Optimization of Estimated Symbolic Expressions (MPOESE) to systematically optimize carbon electrode properties using a dataset comprising 300 data points compiled from the literature spanning from 2005 to 2025. The dataset captures key input parameters, including precursor type, synthesis method, activation temperature, process time, activation agents, and atmospheric conditions alongside output parameters such as specific surface area, pore volume, and particle size. The proposed approach, MPOESE, leverages the strengths of symbolic regression (SR) to estimate mathematical expressions of multiple outputs and Bayesian Optimization (BO) to determine their optimal values. Using limited data available in the literature, MPOESE estimates nonlinear relations and multivariate dependencies between the variable synthesis conditions that are not readily discernible through traditional trial-and-error experimentation or statistical regression. These estimated functional mappings allow the adopted multi-objective BO technique to explore the material search space and find the optimal set of solutions. Among them, one specific solution using plastic as the precursor material was selected for its ease of availability and was experimentally validated. The results imply that under controlled pyrolysis with KOH activation at 700 degrees C and moderate dwell time (similar to 1 h), these feed stocks can yield carbons with exceptionally high microporosity (>1.2 cm(3) g(-1)) and surface areas above 1150 m(2) g(-1). This study underscores the role of symbolic approximation and multi-objective optimization in navigating complex material design space, enabling rapid evidence-based recommendations for sustainable precursors, and accelerating the rational design of high-performance carbon architectures for electrochemical energy storage systems.
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Ji, Zekai; Jayakumar, Sanjeevi; Limpo, Carlos Maria Alava; Madhav, Aravind; Trubyanov, Maxim; Zhang, Pengxiang; V, Daria Andreeva; Lee, Jong Hak; Ozyilmaz, Barbaros 3D interconnected pore networks enable superior volumetric CO2 uptake in amine-functionalized nanoporous carbon for direct air capture CARBON CAPTURE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 19 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100600. @article{WOS:001724390300001, title = {3D interconnected pore networks enable superior volumetric CO2 uptake in amine-functionalized nanoporous carbon for direct air capture}, author = {Zekai Ji and Sanjeevi Jayakumar and Carlos Maria Alava Limpo and Aravind Madhav and Maxim Trubyanov and Pengxiang Zhang and Daria Andreeva V and Jong Hak Lee and Barbaros Ozyilmaz}, doi = {10.1016/j.ccst.2026.100600}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {2772-6568}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-06-01}, journal = {CARBON CAPTURE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, volume = {19}, publisher = {ELSEVIER}, address = {RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a critical technology for mitigating atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but current systems require substantial space and high energy input, largely due to the low volumetric CO2 capture capacity of existing sorbents. A major limitation arises from the intrinsic trade-off in conventional mesoporous platforms, where increasing amine loading often compromises CO2 diffusion efficiency, resulting in poor volumetric performance. In this report, we introduce a solid-state sorbent platform that overcomes this limitation by leveraging a fully interconnected three-dimensional (3D) pore network. The sorbent, composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized nanoporous amorphous carbon (NAC) millimeter-sized monoliths, features a hierarchically organized pore architecture with high volumetric pore density, enabling deep and uniform amine infiltration while maintaining unobstructed CO2 diffusion pathways. This synergistic pore design yields a remarkable volumetric CO2 uptake of similar to 1.6 mmol/cm & sup3; under pre-hydrated conditions-over threefold higher than that of the best-performing shaped sorbents reported to date. The NAC-PEI monoliths further exhibit cyclic stability, mechanical robustness, and negligible pressure drop, supporting their integration into compact and energy-efficient continuous DAC modules. These findings establish pore interconnectivity as a key design principle for next-generation solid sorbents, enabling space-efficient, high-performance carbon removal systems suitable for urban and distributed deployment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a critical technology for mitigating atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but current systems require substantial space and high energy input, largely due to the low volumetric CO2 capture capacity of existing sorbents. A major limitation arises from the intrinsic trade-off in conventional mesoporous platforms, where increasing amine loading often compromises CO2 diffusion efficiency, resulting in poor volumetric performance. In this report, we introduce a solid-state sorbent platform that overcomes this limitation by leveraging a fully interconnected three-dimensional (3D) pore network. The sorbent, composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized nanoporous amorphous carbon (NAC) millimeter-sized monoliths, features a hierarchically organized pore architecture with high volumetric pore density, enabling deep and uniform amine infiltration while maintaining unobstructed CO2 diffusion pathways. This synergistic pore design yields a remarkable volumetric CO2 uptake of similar to 1.6 mmol/cm & sup3; under pre-hydrated conditions-over threefold higher than that of the best-performing shaped sorbents reported to date. The NAC-PEI monoliths further exhibit cyclic stability, mechanical robustness, and negligible pressure drop, supporting their integration into compact and energy-efficient continuous DAC modules. These findings establish pore interconnectivity as a key design principle for next-generation solid sorbents, enabling space-efficient, high-performance carbon removal systems suitable for urban and distributed deployment.
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Zhang, Weidong; Song, Yilu; Zhao, Jie; Mendes, Paulo C D; Ontaneda, Jorge; Fan, Lei; Xu, Xiaozhi; Wang, Liguang; Lu, Yingying; Cervinka, Ctirad; Exner, Kai S; Kozlov, Sergey M; Li, Ju; Mao, Xianwen Optical nanoscopy of spatiotemporal metal stripping cooperativity at single-ion and subparticle resolution NATURE MATERIALS, 25 (5), 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02567-w. @article{WOS:001750751400001, title = {Optical nanoscopy of spatiotemporal metal stripping cooperativity at single-ion and subparticle resolution}, author = {Weidong Zhang and Yilu Song and Jie Zhao and Paulo C D Mendes and Jorge Ontaneda and Lei Fan and Xiaozhi Xu and Liguang Wang and Yingying Lu and Ctirad Cervinka and Kai S Exner and Sergey M Kozlov and Ju Li and Xianwen Mao}, doi = {10.1038/s41563-026-02567-w}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1476-1122}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-05-01}, journal = {NATURE MATERIALS}, volume = {25}, number = {5}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Coupled ion-electron interfacial reactivities on electroactive particles are complex and crucial to various battery chemistries and dynamics, yet direct visualization of these reactions remains elusive despite advances in operando imaging. Here we report ion-localization optical nanoscopy (ION) with single-ion, subparticle resolution that distinguishes microscopic static and dynamic disorder in ion-generation interfacial reactivity, offering nondestructive, real-time, non-equilibrium insights. We uncover diverse stripping dynamics of zinc anodes, revealing unexpected subparticle-level heterogeneity and challenging conventional views of uniform stripping on (002)-textured zinc. Mesoscale functional descriptors-intraparticle diffusive and electronic coupling strengths-that govern overall stripping uniformity are identified by ION, supported by computational methods and validated by in situ single-particle manipulation. Imaging-derived insights are further translated into ensemble-level strategies enabling exceptional anode reversibility. ION is cost-effective, high-throughput and broadly applicable to myriad ion-participated interfacial processes, including cathode (de)intercalation, solid-electrolyte interphase evolution, ion exchange and catalyst restructuring.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Coupled ion-electron interfacial reactivities on electroactive particles are complex and crucial to various battery chemistries and dynamics, yet direct visualization of these reactions remains elusive despite advances in operando imaging. Here we report ion-localization optical nanoscopy (ION) with single-ion, subparticle resolution that distinguishes microscopic static and dynamic disorder in ion-generation interfacial reactivity, offering nondestructive, real-time, non-equilibrium insights. We uncover diverse stripping dynamics of zinc anodes, revealing unexpected subparticle-level heterogeneity and challenging conventional views of uniform stripping on (002)-textured zinc. Mesoscale functional descriptors-intraparticle diffusive and electronic coupling strengths-that govern overall stripping uniformity are identified by ION, supported by computational methods and validated by in situ single-particle manipulation. Imaging-derived insights are further translated into ensemble-level strategies enabling exceptional anode reversibility. ION is cost-effective, high-throughput and broadly applicable to myriad ion-participated interfacial processes, including cathode (de)intercalation, solid-electrolyte interphase evolution, ion exchange and catalyst restructuring.
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Ng, Pei Rou; Zhang, Yixin; Min, Tania Jim Jia; Liu, Xuan; Lin, Mo; Ivanov, Artemii S; Nikolaev, Konstantin G; Mahfouz, Remi; Tayeb, Talah M; Qari, Nada; Bazan, Guillermo C; Sorokin, Vitaly; Novoselov, Kostya S; Andreeva, Daria V Graphene and amorphous carbon coatings for nitinol cardiovascular stents by direct chemical vapor deposition: A comparative insight MATERIALS & DESIGN, 265 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115864. @article{WOS:001728083400001, title = {Graphene and amorphous carbon coatings for nitinol cardiovascular stents by direct chemical vapor deposition: A comparative insight}, author = {Pei Rou Ng and Yixin Zhang and Tania Jim Jia Min and Xuan Liu and Mo Lin and Artemii S Ivanov and Konstantin G Nikolaev and Remi Mahfouz and Talah M Tayeb and Nada Qari and Guillermo C Bazan and Vitaly Sorokin and Kostya S Novoselov and Daria V. Andreeva}, doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115864}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0264-1275}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-05-01}, journal = {MATERIALS & DESIGN}, volume = {265}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, address = {125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Carbon-based coatings are promising for biomedical implants, including vascular stents, but fabrication on metals often requires adhesion interlayers or polymer-assisted transfer, increasing cost and complexity. Here, we report a simple, ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for the direct, interlayer-free growth of two carbon coatings on nitinol (NiTi) stents: few-layer graphene (FLG/NiTi, 170 +/- 20 nm) and amorphous carbon (a-C/NiTi, 620 +/- 30 nm). Both coatings significantly enhanced corrosion resistance, with protection efficiencies of 83.78% for FLG/NiTi and 89.19% for a-C/NiTi. Vascular cell assays revealed distinct and clinically relevant biological responses. a-C/NiTi promoted vascular endothelial cell (VEC) proliferation (+17.2% at 96 h relative to bare NiTi) while suppressing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation (-25%), a desirable outcome as excessive VSMC growth drives in-stent restenosis, whereas endothelialization supports vessel healing. In contrast, FLG/NiTi inhibited proliferation of both cell types (>50% reduction for VECs). All samples exhibited excellent hemocompatibility (hemolysis < 0.2%), and a-C/NiTi reduced platelet surface coverage by 30% compared with bare NiTi, beneficial for mitigating thrombosis. Inflammatory assessment further showed a 73% reduction in TNF-alpha secretion on a-C/NiTi in comparison to bare NiTi. Together, these results demonstrate an interlayer/ polymer-free route to carbon-coated NiTi stents with tunable biological performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Carbon-based coatings are promising for biomedical implants, including vascular stents, but fabrication on metals often requires adhesion interlayers or polymer-assisted transfer, increasing cost and complexity. Here, we report a simple, ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for the direct, interlayer-free growth of two carbon coatings on nitinol (NiTi) stents: few-layer graphene (FLG/NiTi, 170 +/- 20 nm) and amorphous carbon (a-C/NiTi, 620 +/- 30 nm). Both coatings significantly enhanced corrosion resistance, with protection efficiencies of 83.78% for FLG/NiTi and 89.19% for a-C/NiTi. Vascular cell assays revealed distinct and clinically relevant biological responses. a-C/NiTi promoted vascular endothelial cell (VEC) proliferation (+17.2% at 96 h relative to bare NiTi) while suppressing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation (-25%), a desirable outcome as excessive VSMC growth drives in-stent restenosis, whereas endothelialization supports vessel healing. In contrast, FLG/NiTi inhibited proliferation of both cell types (>50% reduction for VECs). All samples exhibited excellent hemocompatibility (hemolysis < 0.2%), and a-C/NiTi reduced platelet surface coverage by 30% compared with bare NiTi, beneficial for mitigating thrombosis. Inflammatory assessment further showed a 73% reduction in TNF-alpha secretion on a-C/NiTi in comparison to bare NiTi. Together, these results demonstrate an interlayer/ polymer-free route to carbon-coated NiTi stents with tunable biological performance.
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Peng, Duo; Zhang, Zhengbo; Hu, Ping; Ke, Qiuhong; Soh, De Wen; Bennamoun, Mohammed; Liu, Jun Unleashing the Power of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, 48 (5), pp. 5195-5211, 2026, DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2026.3651728. @article{WOS:001732663000023, title = {Unleashing the Power of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation}, author = {Duo Peng and Zhengbo Zhang and Ping Hu and Qiuhong Ke and De Wen Soh and Mohammed Bennamoun and Jun Liu}, doi = {10.1109/TPAMI.2026.3651728}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0162-8828}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-05-01}, journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE}, volume = {48}, number = {5}, pages = {5195-5211}, publisher = {IEEE COMPUTER SOC}, address = {10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA}, abstract = {Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation (CAPE) aims to detect keypoints of unseen object categories in a few-shot setting, where the scarcity of labeled data poses significant challenges to generalization. In this work, we propose Prompt Pose Matching (PPM), a novel framework that unleashes the power of off-the-shelf text-to-image diffusion models for CAPE. PPM learns pseudo prompts from few-shot examples via the text-to-image diffusion model. These learned pseudo prompts capture semantic information of keypoints, which can then be used to locate the same type of keypoints from images. To provide prompts with representative initialization, we introduce a category-agnostic pre-training strategy to capture the foreground prior shared across categories and keypoints. To support the reliable prompt pre-training, we propose a Foreground-Aware Region Aggregation (FARA) module to provide robust and consistent supervision signal. Based on the foreground prior, a Foreground-Guided Attention Refinement (FGAR) module is further proposed to reinforce cross-attention responses for accurate keypoint localization. For efficiency, a Prompt Ensemble Inference (PEI) scheme enables joint keypoint prediction. Unlike previous methods that highly rely on base-category annotated data, our PPM framework can operate in a base-category-free setting while retaining strong performance. Code will be available at: https://github.com/DuoPeng-CVer/Prompt-Pose-Matching.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation (CAPE) aims to detect keypoints of unseen object categories in a few-shot setting, where the scarcity of labeled data poses significant challenges to generalization. In this work, we propose Prompt Pose Matching (PPM), a novel framework that unleashes the power of off-the-shelf text-to-image diffusion models for CAPE. PPM learns pseudo prompts from few-shot examples via the text-to-image diffusion model. These learned pseudo prompts capture semantic information of keypoints, which can then be used to locate the same type of keypoints from images. To provide prompts with representative initialization, we introduce a category-agnostic pre-training strategy to capture the foreground prior shared across categories and keypoints. To support the reliable prompt pre-training, we propose a Foreground-Aware Region Aggregation (FARA) module to provide robust and consistent supervision signal. Based on the foreground prior, a Foreground-Guided Attention Refinement (FGAR) module is further proposed to reinforce cross-attention responses for accurate keypoint localization. For efficiency, a Prompt Ensemble Inference (PEI) scheme enables joint keypoint prediction. Unlike previous methods that highly rely on base-category annotated data, our PPM framework can operate in a base-category-free setting while retaining strong performance. Code will be available at: https://github.com/DuoPeng-CVer/Prompt-Pose-Matching.
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Li, Qingxin; Fan, Hua; Li, Min; Xu, Yinghai; Song, Junwei; Wang, Anqi; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Chen, Jing-Jing; Tan, Zhenbing; Shen, Jie; Jiang, Hua; Hone, James C; Dean, Cory R; Novoselov, Kostya S; Xie, Xin-Cheng; Yu, Geliang; Zhao, Yue; Liu, Jianpeng; Wang, Lei Transdimensional anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral thin graphite NATURE, 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10471-1. @article{WOS:001753025700001, title = {Transdimensional anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral thin graphite}, author = {Qingxin Li and Hua Fan and Min Li and Yinghai Xu and Junwei Song and Anqi Wang and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Jing-Jing Chen and Zhenbing Tan and Jie Shen and Hua Jiang and James C Hone and Cory R Dean and Kostya S Novoselov and Xin-Cheng Xie and Geliang Yu and Yue Zhao and Jianpeng Liu and Lei Wang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-026-10471-1}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0028-0836}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {NATURE}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), occurring in materials with broken time-reversal symmetry, epitomizes the interplay between magnetic order and electron orbital motions1, 2, 3-4. In two-dimensional (2D) systems, AHE is coupled with out-of-plane orbital magnetization associated with in-plane chiral orbital motions. In three-dimensional (3D) systems, in which sample thickness far exceeds a vertical coherence-transport length lz, the AHE is effectively a thickness-averaged 2D counterpart4-still governed by out-of-plane orbital magnetization arising from in-plane orbital motions. Here we report the experimental observation of a fundamentally new type of AHE that couples both in-plane and out-of-plane orbital magnetizations in multilayer rhombohedral graphene, shown by pronounced Hall resistance hysteresis under both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. This state emerges from a peculiar metallic phase that spontaneously breaks time-reversal, mirror and rotational symmetries driven by electron-electron interactions. By measuring multiple devices spanning 3-15 layers, we find that this phenomenon emerges only within an intermediate thickness of 2-5 nm. Theoretical calculations show that carriers within this window can sustain coherent orbital motions both within and across the 2D plane. Together, these identify an uncharted `transdimensional' regime between 2D and 3D, in which the sample thickness is much larger than atomic spacing yet remains comparable to lz, for the emergence of this new state of matter-transdimensional AHE. Our findings point to a distinct class of AHE, opening an unexplored model for correlated and topological physics in transdimensional landscapes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), occurring in materials with broken time-reversal symmetry, epitomizes the interplay between magnetic order and electron orbital motions1, 2, 3-4. In two-dimensional (2D) systems, AHE is coupled with out-of-plane orbital magnetization associated with in-plane chiral orbital motions. In three-dimensional (3D) systems, in which sample thickness far exceeds a vertical coherence-transport length lz, the AHE is effectively a thickness-averaged 2D counterpart4-still governed by out-of-plane orbital magnetization arising from in-plane orbital motions. Here we report the experimental observation of a fundamentally new type of AHE that couples both in-plane and out-of-plane orbital magnetizations in multilayer rhombohedral graphene, shown by pronounced Hall resistance hysteresis under both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. This state emerges from a peculiar metallic phase that spontaneously breaks time-reversal, mirror and rotational symmetries driven by electron-electron interactions. By measuring multiple devices spanning 3-15 layers, we find that this phenomenon emerges only within an intermediate thickness of 2-5 nm. Theoretical calculations show that carriers within this window can sustain coherent orbital motions both within and across the 2D plane. Together, these identify an uncharted `transdimensional' regime between 2D and 3D, in which the sample thickness is much larger than atomic spacing yet remains comparable to lz, for the emergence of this new state of matter-transdimensional AHE. Our findings point to a distinct class of AHE, opening an unexplored model for correlated and topological physics in transdimensional landscapes.
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Akhound, Amin M; Boland, Tara M; Sauer, Mikkel O; Batzill, Matthias; Abraham, Moses B; Canulescu, Stela; Gogotsi, Yury; Hofmann, Philip; Kis, Andras; Lu, Jiong; Michely, Thomas; Raza, Soren; Ren, Wencai; Robinson, Joshua A; Sofer, Zdenek; Teng, Jinghua; Ulstrup, Soren; Zhao, Meng; Zhao, Xiaoxu; Mortensen, Jens J; Olsen, Thomas; Thygesen, Kristian S Large-Scale Integration of Experimental and Computational Data for 2D Materials ACS NANO, 20 (15), pp. 12008-12022, 2026, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6c01514. @article{WOS:001734564500001, title = {Large-Scale Integration of Experimental and Computational Data for 2D Materials}, author = {Amin M Akhound and Tara M Boland and Mikkel O Sauer and Matthias Batzill and Moses B Abraham and Stela Canulescu and Yury Gogotsi and Philip Hofmann and Andras Kis and Jiong Lu and Thomas Michely and Soren Raza and Wencai Ren and Joshua A Robinson and Zdenek Sofer and Jinghua Teng and Soren Ulstrup and Meng Zhao and Xiaoxu Zhao and Jens J Mortensen and Thomas Olsen and Kristian S Thygesen}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.6c01514}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1936-0851}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {ACS NANO}, volume = {20}, number = {15}, pages = {12008-12022}, publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC}, address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}, abstract = {The past decade has seen rapid growth in the number of experimentally realized two-dimensional (2D) materials with diverse chemical and physical properties. However, information on their crystal structure, synthesis routes, and measured or predicted properties remains scattered across thousands of publications. Here, we consolidate this fragmented knowledge by establishing X2DB-an open infrastructure that integrates experimental and computational data on 2D materials. Using extensive literature mining and direct community uploads, we identify 370 unique 2D materials that have been realized in monolayer or few-layer form and link them to their digital counterparts in computational databases, enabling consistent ab initio characterization of their properties across monolayer, bilayer, and bulk forms. We describe the structure and content of the database, highlight its support for community uploads, illustrate how it can be used to generate scientific insight, and introduce a hierarchical classification of the known set of 2D materials. Our work supports the integration and cross-fertilization of experimental and theoretical knowledge and contributes to data-driven and predictive synthesis of 2D materials.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The past decade has seen rapid growth in the number of experimentally realized two-dimensional (2D) materials with diverse chemical and physical properties. However, information on their crystal structure, synthesis routes, and measured or predicted properties remains scattered across thousands of publications. Here, we consolidate this fragmented knowledge by establishing X2DB-an open infrastructure that integrates experimental and computational data on 2D materials. Using extensive literature mining and direct community uploads, we identify 370 unique 2D materials that have been realized in monolayer or few-layer form and link them to their digital counterparts in computational databases, enabling consistent ab initio characterization of their properties across monolayer, bilayer, and bulk forms. We describe the structure and content of the database, highlight its support for community uploads, illustrate how it can be used to generate scientific insight, and introduce a hierarchical classification of the known set of 2D materials. Our work supports the integration and cross-fertilization of experimental and theoretical knowledge and contributes to data-driven and predictive synthesis of 2D materials.
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Singh, Amit; Xu, Shuigang; Sarsfield, Patrick Johansen; Nunez, Pablo Diaz; Wang, Ziwei; Slizovskiy, Sergey; Kay, Nicholas D; Yin, Jun; Mayamei, Yashar; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Yang, Qian; Novoselov, Kostya S; Fal'ko, Vladimir I; Mishchenko, Artem Stacking-Induced Ferroelectricity in Tetralayer Graphene NANO LETTERS, 26 (14), pp. 4642-4649, 2026, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c00118. @article{WOS:001730996700001, title = {Stacking-Induced Ferroelectricity in Tetralayer Graphene}, author = {Amit Singh and Shuigang Xu and Patrick Johansen Sarsfield and Pablo Diaz Nunez and Ziwei Wang and Sergey Slizovskiy and Nicholas D Kay and Jun Yin and Yashar Mayamei and Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe and Qian Yang and Kostya S Novoselov and Vladimir I Fal'ko and Artem Mishchenko}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c00118}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1530-6984}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {NANO LETTERS}, volume = {26}, number = {14}, pages = {4642-4649}, publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC}, address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}, abstract = {Pristine mono- or few-layer graphene lacks a permanent dipole due to its centrosymmetric lattice, making ferroelectricity unlikely. However, ABCB tetralayer, the simplest mixed-stacked graphene, breaks both inversion and mirror symmetry, thus exhibiting intrinsic out-of-plane polarization arising from asymmetric charge carrier distribution across its layers. We report robust ferroelectric behavior in ABCB tetralayer graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, in the moire-less limit. The device exhibits pronounced hysteresis in resistance under both top and bottom gate modulation, with the effect persisting up to room temperature. This hysteresis originates from reversible layer-polarized charge reordering, driven by gate-induced transitions between ABCB and BCBA stacking configurations. Our findings establish stacking-order-induced symmetry breaking as a fundamental route to ferroelectricity and open pathways for nonvolatile memory applications.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pristine mono- or few-layer graphene lacks a permanent dipole due to its centrosymmetric lattice, making ferroelectricity unlikely. However, ABCB tetralayer, the simplest mixed-stacked graphene, breaks both inversion and mirror symmetry, thus exhibiting intrinsic out-of-plane polarization arising from asymmetric charge carrier distribution across its layers. We report robust ferroelectric behavior in ABCB tetralayer graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, in the moire-less limit. The device exhibits pronounced hysteresis in resistance under both top and bottom gate modulation, with the effect persisting up to room temperature. This hysteresis originates from reversible layer-polarized charge reordering, driven by gate-induced transitions between ABCB and BCBA stacking configurations. Our findings establish stacking-order-induced symmetry breaking as a fundamental route to ferroelectricity and open pathways for nonvolatile memory applications.
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Lawrence, James; Dordevic, Luka; Bachtiger, Fabienne; Pinfold, Harry; Walker, Marc; Lu, Jiong; Sosso, Gabriele C; Bonifazi, Davide; Costantini, Giovanni Ultra-narrow donor-acceptor nanoribbons NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 17 (1), 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71660-0. @article{WOS:001748164500007, title = {Ultra-narrow donor-acceptor nanoribbons}, author = {James Lawrence and Luka Dordevic and Fabienne Bachtiger and Harry Pinfold and Marc Walker and Jiong Lu and Gabriele C Sosso and Davide Bonifazi and Giovanni Costantini}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-71660-0}, times_cited = {0}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures underpin many high-performance conjugated polymers but remain largely unexplored in atomically precise nanoribbons. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of ultra-narrow D-A nanoribbons using two complementary brominated precursors based on the electron donor peri-xanthenoxanthene and the acceptor anthanthrone. High-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveal submolecular structural and electronic features of the resulting nanoribbons. Homopolymerisation of each precursor yields structurally well-defined donor-only and acceptor-only nanoribbons, whose electronic character strengthens with length. Co-deposition of both precursors produces mixed D-A nanoribbons with tuneable electronic structures governed by monomer sequence. The spatial character and energetic alignment of their frontier orbitals match gas-phase density functional theory calculations, while a simplified linear combination of molecular orbitals model captures dominant trends. This bottom-up synthetic strategy enables precise control over nanoribbon composition and functionality, offering a versatile platform for engineering pi-conjugated nanostructures with tailored optoelectronic properties.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures underpin many high-performance conjugated polymers but remain largely unexplored in atomically precise nanoribbons. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of ultra-narrow D-A nanoribbons using two complementary brominated precursors based on the electron donor peri-xanthenoxanthene and the acceptor anthanthrone. High-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveal submolecular structural and electronic features of the resulting nanoribbons. Homopolymerisation of each precursor yields structurally well-defined donor-only and acceptor-only nanoribbons, whose electronic character strengthens with length. Co-deposition of both precursors produces mixed D-A nanoribbons with tuneable electronic structures governed by monomer sequence. The spatial character and energetic alignment of their frontier orbitals match gas-phase density functional theory calculations, while a simplified linear combination of molecular orbitals model captures dominant trends. This bottom-up synthetic strategy enables precise control over nanoribbon composition and functionality, offering a versatile platform for engineering pi-conjugated nanostructures with tailored optoelectronic properties.
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Liu, Yong; Song, Wentao; Zhang, Weidong; Liang, Yuanmei; Saini, Mukesh; He, Yuanzhi; Zhu, Jing; Chen, Zhongxin; Zhang, Guoliang; Xie, Jin; Xu, Xiaozhi; Bazan, Guillermo C; Foo, Jee Loon; Chang, Matthew Wook; Liu, Bin; Mao, Xianwen Single-particle imaging uncovers reverse electron transfer efficiency between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and shaped haematite NATURE CATALYSIS, 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41929-026-01530-x. @article{WOS:001751918400001, title = {Single-particle imaging uncovers reverse electron transfer efficiency between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and shaped haematite}, author = {Yong Liu and Wentao Song and Weidong Zhang and Yuanmei Liang and Mukesh Saini and Yuanzhi He and Jing Zhu and Zhongxin Chen and Guoliang Zhang and Jin Xie and Xiaozhi Xu and Guillermo C Bazan and Jee Loon Foo and Matthew Wook Chang and Bin Liu and Xianwen Mao}, doi = {10.1038/s41929-026-01530-x}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {2520-1158}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {NATURE CATALYSIS}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Microbe-semiconductor hybrids hold promise for solar-to-chemical conversion, but facet-dependent interfacial charge transfer remains poorly understood due to structural heterogeneity and biological complexity. Here we leverage a multimodal optical imaging platform to probe the charge-transfer efficiency between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and 110/001-faceted haematite, at single-particle and single-cell levels, in vivo and operando. We quantify the reverse extracellular electron-transfer capabilities of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 via non-H2-mediated pathways, and identify that haematite's 110 facets synergistically exhibit stronger cell-binding ability and higher charge-transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we discover that moderate cell densities are key to enhancing per-cell electron injection, highlighting the trade-off between total loading and individual cell efficiency, and offering critical insights into biofilm structure optimization. Our imaging tools and analytical framework may potentially extend to diverse microbe-semiconductor hybrid systems, quantifying microscopic structural and functional descriptors that enhance the fundamental understanding of complex interfacial charge transfer, and inform rational biohybrid design across applications.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microbe-semiconductor hybrids hold promise for solar-to-chemical conversion, but facet-dependent interfacial charge transfer remains poorly understood due to structural heterogeneity and biological complexity. Here we leverage a multimodal optical imaging platform to probe the charge-transfer efficiency between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and 110/001-faceted haematite, at single-particle and single-cell levels, in vivo and operando. We quantify the reverse extracellular electron-transfer capabilities of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 via non-H2-mediated pathways, and identify that haematite's 110 facets synergistically exhibit stronger cell-binding ability and higher charge-transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we discover that moderate cell densities are key to enhancing per-cell electron injection, highlighting the trade-off between total loading and individual cell efficiency, and offering critical insights into biofilm structure optimization. Our imaging tools and analytical framework may potentially extend to diverse microbe-semiconductor hybrid systems, quantifying microscopic structural and functional descriptors that enhance the fundamental understanding of complex interfacial charge transfer, and inform rational biohybrid design across applications.
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Yang, Kou; Bi, Xueli; Zhong, Haibin; Wang, Juncheng; Luan, Yanju; Zheng, Shushen; Andreeva, Daria; Novoselov, Konstantin; Zhang, Shanqing Stimuli-responsive graphene oxide composites: working mechanisms, design strategies, and applications PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE, 158 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101649. @article{WOS:001660716900001, title = {Stimuli-responsive graphene oxide composites: working mechanisms, design strategies, and applications}, author = {Kou Yang and Xueli Bi and Haibin Zhong and Juncheng Wang and Yanju Luan and Shushen Zheng and Daria Andreeva and Konstantin Novoselov and Shanqing Zhang}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101649}, times_cited = {1}, issn = {0079-6425}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE}, volume = {158}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Stimuli-responsive graphene oxide (GO) composites have emerged as a frontier in smart materials research due to their tunable physicochemical properties and dynamic responsive capabilities to various stimuli, including physical stimuli (such as temperature, light, strain/pressure) and chemical stimuli (such as pH, water, moisture, and chemical species). The unique twodimensional structure of GO, distinguished by its exceptional specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, provides an ideal platform for integrating diverse responsive moieties through covalent/non-covalent modification strategies. This review systematically summarizes the response mechanisms to these stimuli and examines recent advancements in tailoring GO-based composites with programmable responsiveness to environmental stimuli, including thermal, pressure, pH, humidity, and specific biochemical signals. By analyzing their evolving design strategies, we elucidate emerging applications in flexible sensors, photocatalysis, photo-electrocatalysis, ion/gas separation membranes, and environmental remediation technologies. We also envisage critical perspectives on future research and development directions of stimuli-responsive graphene oxides.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stimuli-responsive graphene oxide (GO) composites have emerged as a frontier in smart materials research due to their tunable physicochemical properties and dynamic responsive capabilities to various stimuli, including physical stimuli (such as temperature, light, strain/pressure) and chemical stimuli (such as pH, water, moisture, and chemical species). The unique twodimensional structure of GO, distinguished by its exceptional specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, provides an ideal platform for integrating diverse responsive moieties through covalent/non-covalent modification strategies. This review systematically summarizes the response mechanisms to these stimuli and examines recent advancements in tailoring GO-based composites with programmable responsiveness to environmental stimuli, including thermal, pressure, pH, humidity, and specific biochemical signals. By analyzing their evolving design strategies, we elucidate emerging applications in flexible sensors, photocatalysis, photo-electrocatalysis, ion/gas separation membranes, and environmental remediation technologies. We also envisage critical perspectives on future research and development directions of stimuli-responsive graphene oxides.
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Babkova, Julia S; Zelepukin, Ivan V; Shevchenko, Konstantin G; Tikhonowski, Gleb V; Gorelik, Lyubov V; Popov, Anton A; Sogomonyan, Anna S; Kapitannikova, Alina Yu.; Kazantsev, Ivan S; Dyubo, Dmitry V; Panova, Daria A; Tselikov, Daniil I; Minnekhanov, Anton A; Mirkasymov, Aziz B; Ermolaev, Georgy A; Syuy, Alexander V; Tselikov, Gleb I; Arsenin, Aleksey V; Kabashin, Andrei V; Novoselov, Kostya S; Deyev, Sergey M; Volkov, Valentyn S Shaping Ti3C2 MXene Nanospheres for Precision Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 2026, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202524090. @article{WOS:001746323300001, title = {Shaping Ti3C2 MXene Nanospheres for Precision Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy}, author = {Julia S Babkova and Ivan V Zelepukin and Konstantin G Shevchenko and Gleb V Tikhonowski and Lyubov V Gorelik and Anton A Popov and Anna S Sogomonyan and Alina Yu. Kapitannikova and Ivan S Kazantsev and Dmitry V Dyubo and Daria A Panova and Daniil I Tselikov and Anton A Minnekhanov and Aziz B Mirkasymov and Georgy A Ermolaev and Alexander V Syuy and Gleb I Tselikov and Aleksey V Arsenin and Andrei V Kabashin and Kostya S Novoselov and Sergey M Deyev and Valentyn S Volkov}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.202524090}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1616-301X}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {2D materials such as MXenes are recognised for their therapeutic potential in biomedicine. However, morphology of nanomaterials determines their interactions with biological systems, and uneven shape of MXenes impose critical limitations on their clinical applicability. Here, we introduce spherical MXenes as a novel class of biocompatible nanomaterials, and demonstrate applicability of Ti3C2 nanospheres for photothermal therapy (PTT) of breast cancer. The Ti3C2 nanospheres were prepared by femtosecond laser fragmentation of MXene powder and retained the crystallinity and internal optical properties of the parent material. The nanoparticles have characteristic light absorption both in the NIR-I and NIR-II windows, with a superior photothermal conversion efficiency of 68% and 63% under 808-nm and 1064-nm laser irradiation, respectively. The Ti3C2 nanospheres did not induce photodynamic effects and demonstrated negligible toxicity in vitro in three different cell lines and in vivo in healthy mice. Under laser irradiation, the Ti3C2 nanospheres exhibit potent photothermal cytotoxicity as shown in cell monolayers, spheroids and a 4T1 murine tumor model. When employed for PTT, they significantly inhibit tumor growth and 1.4-fold prolong median survival of animals. These findings demonstrate biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of spherical MXenes for cancer management.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } 2D materials such as MXenes are recognised for their therapeutic potential in biomedicine. However, morphology of nanomaterials determines their interactions with biological systems, and uneven shape of MXenes impose critical limitations on their clinical applicability. Here, we introduce spherical MXenes as a novel class of biocompatible nanomaterials, and demonstrate applicability of Ti3C2 nanospheres for photothermal therapy (PTT) of breast cancer. The Ti3C2 nanospheres were prepared by femtosecond laser fragmentation of MXene powder and retained the crystallinity and internal optical properties of the parent material. The nanoparticles have characteristic light absorption both in the NIR-I and NIR-II windows, with a superior photothermal conversion efficiency of 68% and 63% under 808-nm and 1064-nm laser irradiation, respectively. The Ti3C2 nanospheres did not induce photodynamic effects and demonstrated negligible toxicity in vitro in three different cell lines and in vivo in healthy mice. Under laser irradiation, the Ti3C2 nanospheres exhibit potent photothermal cytotoxicity as shown in cell monolayers, spheroids and a 4T1 murine tumor model. When employed for PTT, they significantly inhibit tumor growth and 1.4-fold prolong median survival of animals. These findings demonstrate biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of spherical MXenes for cancer management.
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Alharbi, Osamah; Yuan, Yue; Zheng, Wenwen; Ping, Yue; Pazos, Sebastian; Alshareef, Husam; Zhu, Kaichen; Lanza, Mario Nanodot conductive atomic force microscopy MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS, 169 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2026.101187. @article{WOS:001674879800001, title = {Nanodot conductive atomic force microscopy}, author = {Osamah Alharbi and Yue Yuan and Wenwen Zheng and Yue Ping and Sebastian Pazos and Husam Alshareef and Kaichen Zhu and Mario Lanza}, doi = {10.1016/j.mser.2026.101187}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0927-796X}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-04-01}, journal = {MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS}, volume = {169}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}, address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {Gate-all-around (GAA) transistors and memristors are two key electronic components for the semiconductor industry, as they can enable high-performance computation and memory. State-of-the-art devices contain a 700-100,000 nm2 insulating thin film exposed to electrical fields, and understanding its progressive degradation and breakdown is essential to build reliable devices. Investigations in this direction must fabricate test structures and/or devices of similar sizes, otherwise the conclusions extracted are not applicable. Many research groups use electron beam lithography, but this technique introduces polymer residues and leads to low fabrication yields due to the complex lift-off process. Some groups use conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM), which employs an ultra-sharp conductive tip to analyse the properties of a material at small areas ranging from 1 to 600 nm2. However, the currents registered by CAFM strongly depend on three parameters that are difficult to control: the radius of the probe tips, the spring constant of the cantilever, and the relative humidity of the environment. Therefore, a major problem of CAFM is reproducibility. Moreover, the minimum current densities that standard CAFM can detect range from 0.16 to 100 A/cm2, but that is insufficient to study gate dielectrics for low power applications (that requires analysing values below 0.01 A/cm2). Here we present nanodot CAFM, a measuring protocol that consists of placing the probe tip of a CAFM on metallic nanodots patterned on the surface of the material under test. These structures cover areas between 700 and 10,000 nm2, and they can be easily deposited on any arbitrary sample using a standard evaporator and a cheap aluminium anodic oxide template as shadow mask. Our experiments demonstrate that this setup is insensitive to relative humidity changes from 55 % to 4 %, deflection setpoint changes from -0.5 to 1 V, spring constant changes from 0.8 to 18 N/m, and tip radius changes from 2 to 200 nm, leading to a very high reproducibility. Moreover, this setup allows analysing current densities below 10-2 A/cm2, which extends its range of use. Our approach can help the community to make industry-relevant studies with a high throughput without having to undergo expensive, slow, and low-yield nanofabrication processes (such as electron beam lithography or multi project wafer tape outs).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Gate-all-around (GAA) transistors and memristors are two key electronic components for the semiconductor industry, as they can enable high-performance computation and memory. State-of-the-art devices contain a 700-100,000 nm2 insulating thin film exposed to electrical fields, and understanding its progressive degradation and breakdown is essential to build reliable devices. Investigations in this direction must fabricate test structures and/or devices of similar sizes, otherwise the conclusions extracted are not applicable. Many research groups use electron beam lithography, but this technique introduces polymer residues and leads to low fabrication yields due to the complex lift-off process. Some groups use conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM), which employs an ultra-sharp conductive tip to analyse the properties of a material at small areas ranging from 1 to 600 nm2. However, the currents registered by CAFM strongly depend on three parameters that are difficult to control: the radius of the probe tips, the spring constant of the cantilever, and the relative humidity of the environment. Therefore, a major problem of CAFM is reproducibility. Moreover, the minimum current densities that standard CAFM can detect range from 0.16 to 100 A/cm2, but that is insufficient to study gate dielectrics for low power applications (that requires analysing values below 0.01 A/cm2). Here we present nanodot CAFM, a measuring protocol that consists of placing the probe tip of a CAFM on metallic nanodots patterned on the surface of the material under test. These structures cover areas between 700 and 10,000 nm2, and they can be easily deposited on any arbitrary sample using a standard evaporator and a cheap aluminium anodic oxide template as shadow mask. Our experiments demonstrate that this setup is insensitive to relative humidity changes from 55 % to 4 %, deflection setpoint changes from -0.5 to 1 V, spring constant changes from 0.8 to 18 N/m, and tip radius changes from 2 to 200 nm, leading to a very high reproducibility. Moreover, this setup allows analysing current densities below 10-2 A/cm2, which extends its range of use. Our approach can help the community to make industry-relevant studies with a high throughput without having to undergo expensive, slow, and low-yield nanofabrication processes (such as electron beam lithography or multi project wafer tape outs).
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