Publications
2026 |
Kulkarni, Aniket; Jim, Tania Jia Min; Lotocki, Victor; Bazan, Guillermo C Synthetically accessible naphthalene-based rigid-core electrolytes as membrane-active antibacterial agents against drug-resistant pathogens EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 320 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.119323. @article{WOS:001877764300001, title = {Synthetically accessible naphthalene-based rigid-core electrolytes as membrane-active antibacterial agents against drug-resistant pathogens}, author = {Aniket Kulkarni and Tania Jia Min Jim and Victor Lotocki and Guillermo C Bazan}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.119323}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0223-5234}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-12-01}, journal = {EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY}, volume = {320}, publisher = {ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER}, address = {65 RUE CAMILLE DESMOULINS, CS50083, 92442 ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE}, abstract = {The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) underscores the need for antibacterial scaffolds that act through mechanisms distinct from those of conventional antibiotics. Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are membrane-active antimicrobials, although stilbene-containing representatives can present scaffold-specific challenges associated with alkene stability and synthetic accessibility. Here, we report a naphthalene-based rigid-core electrolyte (RCE) platform that removes the phenylene-vinylene linker while retaining potent antibacterial activity. The RCEs were accessed through a two-step, transition-metal-free route, and the lead compound N6P displayed activity against the tested ESKAPE representatives (MICs = 1-8 mu g/mL), Mycobacterium abscessus (MIC = 4 mu g/mL), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 1 mu g/mL). DiSC3(5) depolarization, ANS uptake, TEM imaging and DAPI/PI imaging were consistent with bacterial membrane perturbation. N6P was rapidly bactericidal against MRSA, retained activity in serum-supplemented medium, produced only a fourfold maximum MIC increase during 14 passages, and reduced viable bacteria in established MRSA biofilms. In a murine MRSA wound model, N6P and N6-Br reduced bacterial burden by 3.2-4.8 log10 CFU at doses of 0.05-0.25 mg/kg. Serum biochemical profiling at 0.25 mg/kg showed no consistent treatment-related changes, while histological examination at doses up to 0.75 mg/kg revealed no overt abnormalities under the conditions evaluated. These findings identify compact scaffold rigidity, linker length, and cation identity as important design variables for this RCE series and support further pharmacokinetic, formulation, and tolerability studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) underscores the need for antibacterial scaffolds that act through mechanisms distinct from those of conventional antibiotics. Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are membrane-active antimicrobials, although stilbene-containing representatives can present scaffold-specific challenges associated with alkene stability and synthetic accessibility. Here, we report a naphthalene-based rigid-core electrolyte (RCE) platform that removes the phenylene-vinylene linker while retaining potent antibacterial activity. The RCEs were accessed through a two-step, transition-metal-free route, and the lead compound N6P displayed activity against the tested ESKAPE representatives (MICs = 1-8 mu g/mL), Mycobacterium abscessus (MIC = 4 mu g/mL), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 1 mu g/mL). DiSC3(5) depolarization, ANS uptake, TEM imaging and DAPI/PI imaging were consistent with bacterial membrane perturbation. N6P was rapidly bactericidal against MRSA, retained activity in serum-supplemented medium, produced only a fourfold maximum MIC increase during 14 passages, and reduced viable bacteria in established MRSA biofilms. In a murine MRSA wound model, N6P and N6-Br reduced bacterial burden by 3.2-4.8 log10 CFU at doses of 0.05-0.25 mg/kg. Serum biochemical profiling at 0.25 mg/kg showed no consistent treatment-related changes, while histological examination at doses up to 0.75 mg/kg revealed no overt abnormalities under the conditions evaluated. These findings identify compact scaffold rigidity, linker length, and cation identity as important design variables for this RCE series and support further pharmacokinetic, formulation, and tolerability studies.
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Nguyen, Huu Doanh; Dang, Minh Do; Chau, Que Chi; Pham, Tien Lam; Nguyen, Phi Long; Novoselov, Kostya S; Ghaoui, Laurent El; Pham, Phuong Nam Le; Phung, Viet Bac T Data-driven discovery and first-principles design of novel cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries ENERGY AND AI, 26 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyai.2026.100868. @article{WOS:001864875700001, title = {Data-driven discovery and first-principles design of novel cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries}, author = {Huu Doanh Nguyen and Minh Do Dang and Que Chi Chau and Tien Lam Pham and Phi Long Nguyen and Kostya S Novoselov and Laurent El Ghaoui and Phuong Nam Le Pham and Viet Bac T Phung}, doi = {10.1016/j.egyai.2026.100868}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {2666-5468}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-12-01}, journal = {ENERGY AND AI}, volume = {26}, publisher = {ELSEVIER}, address = {RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, abstract = {Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of the abundance of sodium resources. However, their development remains constrained by the relatively low capacity and insufficient structural stability of cathode materials such as NaCrO2, while conventional trial-and-error approaches explore only a small fraction of the available chemical space. This work develops an integrated generative artificial intelligence and first-principles workflow for identifying chromium-containing sodium cathode candidates. A property-conditioned MatterGen model was fine-tuned using approximately 12,000 density functional theory-relaxed sodium-containing materials spanning several Na-M-M'-O chemical systems. The fine-tuned model generated 56 chemically plausible structures, which were relaxed using a graph neural network interatomic potential, assessed for novelty, and screened according to the local coordination environments of sodium and transition-metal sites. The screening narrowed the candidate pool to 9 structures for firstprinciples validation. All shortlisted compounds exhibited negative formation energies relative to their elemental reference states, ranging from -2.747 to -0.773 eV/atom, although this criterion alone does not establish ground-state stability. Calculated average desodiation voltages ranged from 0.651 to 3.864 V. Combined analysis of Bader charge change, local magnetic moments, and electronic structures identified chromium-dominant cationic redox, secondary-transition-metal-dominant cationic redox, mixed cationic-anionic compensation, and oxygen-dominated charge compensation. The resulting structures extend beyond conventional layered sodium chromium oxide and include layered, disordered-rocksalt, and nonlayered frameworks. These results demonstrate the potential of integrating generative artificial intelligence, machine learning, and quantummechanical simulations to expand the design space for sodium-ion battery cathodes and provide a transferable framework for other materials-discovery applications.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of the abundance of sodium resources. However, their development remains constrained by the relatively low capacity and insufficient structural stability of cathode materials such as NaCrO2, while conventional trial-and-error approaches explore only a small fraction of the available chemical space. This work develops an integrated generative artificial intelligence and first-principles workflow for identifying chromium-containing sodium cathode candidates. A property-conditioned MatterGen model was fine-tuned using approximately 12,000 density functional theory-relaxed sodium-containing materials spanning several Na-M-M'-O chemical systems. The fine-tuned model generated 56 chemically plausible structures, which were relaxed using a graph neural network interatomic potential, assessed for novelty, and screened according to the local coordination environments of sodium and transition-metal sites. The screening narrowed the candidate pool to 9 structures for firstprinciples validation. All shortlisted compounds exhibited negative formation energies relative to their elemental reference states, ranging from -2.747 to -0.773 eV/atom, although this criterion alone does not establish ground-state stability. Calculated average desodiation voltages ranged from 0.651 to 3.864 V. Combined analysis of Bader charge change, local magnetic moments, and electronic structures identified chromium-dominant cationic redox, secondary-transition-metal-dominant cationic redox, mixed cationic-anionic compensation, and oxygen-dominated charge compensation. The resulting structures extend beyond conventional layered sodium chromium oxide and include layered, disordered-rocksalt, and nonlayered frameworks. These results demonstrate the potential of integrating generative artificial intelligence, machine learning, and quantummechanical simulations to expand the design space for sodium-ion battery cathodes and provide a transferable framework for other materials-discovery applications.
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Long, Min; Zhong, Shanshan; Zhou, Chen; Cheng, Jie; Rittmann, Bruce E Long-term functional decoupling between Ag(I) detoxification and denitrification in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 548 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.182333. @article{WOS:001888524300001, title = {Long-term functional decoupling between Ag(I) detoxification and denitrification in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor}, author = {Min Long and Shanshan Zhong and Chen Zhou and Jie Cheng and Bruce E Rittmann}, doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2026.182333}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1385-8947}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-11-01}, journal = {CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, volume = {548}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}, address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {Silver-contaminated wastewaters are challenging to treat biologically because dissolved Ag(I) is highly antimicrobial and can impair microbial functions required for pollutant removal. Here, we evaluated a denitrifying hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H-2-MBfR) over similar to 300 days of continuous operation across sequential Ag(I) loadings followed by an extended Ag-free recovery period. Ag(I) exposure strongly inhibited denitrification, with nitrate removal decreasing to as low as similar to 5%, whereas Ag(I) removal remained >90% and with crystalline biogenic Ag (0) nanoparticles accumulating within the biofilm. This pronounced divergence demonstrated partial functional decoupling between Ag detoxification and denitrification. Ag exposure reconstructed the biofilm community, enriching metal-tolerant genera including Achromobacter and Stenotrophomonas, while Ag withdrawal promoted a Thauera-dominated community associated with gradual nitrate-removal recovery. Nitrate reduction genes, including narG, nasA, and napA, remained enriched despite poor denitrification performance, demonstrating that their persistence was not solely linked to nitrate respiration. Genes involved in central metabolism, metal homeostasis, detoxification, and cellular stress were also enriched, supporting sustained Ag detoxification through multiple biofilm functions. After Ag withdrawal, nitrate removal recovered only to similar to 76%, and the ARG resistome remained expanded, revealing a persistent functional legacy and an environmental trade-off of chronic Ag exposure.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Silver-contaminated wastewaters are challenging to treat biologically because dissolved Ag(I) is highly antimicrobial and can impair microbial functions required for pollutant removal. Here, we evaluated a denitrifying hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H-2-MBfR) over similar to 300 days of continuous operation across sequential Ag(I) loadings followed by an extended Ag-free recovery period. Ag(I) exposure strongly inhibited denitrification, with nitrate removal decreasing to as low as similar to 5%, whereas Ag(I) removal remained >90% and with crystalline biogenic Ag (0) nanoparticles accumulating within the biofilm. This pronounced divergence demonstrated partial functional decoupling between Ag detoxification and denitrification. Ag exposure reconstructed the biofilm community, enriching metal-tolerant genera including Achromobacter and Stenotrophomonas, while Ag withdrawal promoted a Thauera-dominated community associated with gradual nitrate-removal recovery. Nitrate reduction genes, including narG, nasA, and napA, remained enriched despite poor denitrification performance, demonstrating that their persistence was not solely linked to nitrate respiration. Genes involved in central metabolism, metal homeostasis, detoxification, and cellular stress were also enriched, supporting sustained Ag detoxification through multiple biofilm functions. After Ag withdrawal, nitrate removal recovered only to similar to 76%, and the ARG resistome remained expanded, revealing a persistent functional legacy and an environmental trade-off of chronic Ag exposure.
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Nikolaev, Konstantin G; Chen, Fei; Ng, Pei Rou; Ivanov, Artemii; Gao, Xinyue; Litvinov, Dmitrii; Koperski, Maciej; Wang, Qian; Novoselov, Kostya S; Andreeva, Daria V Architected 3D carbon/rGO-CuxO nanointerfaces for selective CO2 electroreduction to liquid fuels CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 548 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2026.182029. @article{WOS:001882214100001, title = {Architected 3D carbon/rGO-CuxO nanointerfaces for selective CO2 electroreduction to liquid fuels}, author = {Konstantin G Nikolaev and Fei Chen and Pei Rou Ng and Artemii Ivanov and Xinyue Gao and Dmitrii Litvinov and Maciej Koperski and Qian Wang and Kostya S Novoselov and Daria V Andreeva}, doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2026.182029}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1385-8947}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-11-01}, journal = {CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, volume = {548}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}, address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}, abstract = {Selective electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) requires simultaneous control of catalytic reaction pathways, interfacial chemistry, and reactant transport across multiple length scales. Here, we engineer a hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) Cu/CuxO-carbon electrode that integrates these functions within a single architected platform. Oxidative stabilization followed by pyrolysis preserves the printed macroporous lattice while generating a conductive nitrogen-doped carbon framework, with 1.0 mm struts providing a practical balance between structural integrity, electrochemical accessibility, and resistance. Graphene oxide (GO) functionalization and subsequent cathodic Cu deposition simultaneously produce a defect-rich reduced graphene oxide (rGO) interface and size-tunable Cu/CuxO nanoparticles. Product selectivity is governed by the coupled effects of Cu nanoparticle size, potential, and electrolyte pH. Intermediate-sized Cu nanoparticles (32 nm) achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 66.9% for ethanol at -0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and pH 6.8, whereas increasing the pH to 7.5 redirects the reaction toward formate. This selectivity is consistent with competition between the *OCHO-mediated C1 pathway and *CO-mediated carbon-carbon coupling toward ethanol. Reaction-diffusion simulations show that the 3D architecture maintains a mean normalized surface CO2 concentration of 0.932, compared with 0.611 for a planar electrode, increasing transport effectiveness by 52.4%. These results establish a multiscale electrode-engineering strategy in which catalyst nanostructure controls reaction branching, the rGO interface regulates catalyst integration, and 3D architecture sustains reactant availability.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Selective electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) requires simultaneous control of catalytic reaction pathways, interfacial chemistry, and reactant transport across multiple length scales. Here, we engineer a hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) Cu/CuxO-carbon electrode that integrates these functions within a single architected platform. Oxidative stabilization followed by pyrolysis preserves the printed macroporous lattice while generating a conductive nitrogen-doped carbon framework, with 1.0 mm struts providing a practical balance between structural integrity, electrochemical accessibility, and resistance. Graphene oxide (GO) functionalization and subsequent cathodic Cu deposition simultaneously produce a defect-rich reduced graphene oxide (rGO) interface and size-tunable Cu/CuxO nanoparticles. Product selectivity is governed by the coupled effects of Cu nanoparticle size, potential, and electrolyte pH. Intermediate-sized Cu nanoparticles (32 nm) achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 66.9% for ethanol at -0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and pH 6.8, whereas increasing the pH to 7.5 redirects the reaction toward formate. This selectivity is consistent with competition between the *OCHO-mediated C1 pathway and *CO-mediated carbon-carbon coupling toward ethanol. Reaction-diffusion simulations show that the 3D architecture maintains a mean normalized surface CO2 concentration of 0.932, compared with 0.611 for a planar electrode, increasing transport effectiveness by 52.4%. These results establish a multiscale electrode-engineering strategy in which catalyst nanostructure controls reaction branching, the rGO interface regulates catalyst integration, and 3D architecture sustains reactant availability.
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Kim, Bum Jun; Chae, Sudong; Lee, Sang Hoon; Moon, Ji-Yun; Kim, Hyeongjun; Kweon, Seong Hyeon; Lee, Bom; Cho, Sooheon; Oh, Seungbae; Jeong, Byung Joo; Cho, Kyung Hwan; Kim, Seung-Il; Lee, Do Hee; Kim, Hyun-Woo; Lee, Junho; Jeon, Cheolho; Huh, Joonsuk; Ahn, Joung Real; Whang, Dongmok; Yu, Hak Ki; Kwak, Sang Kyu; Lee, Jae-Hyun; Choi, Jae-Young Radical-mediated epitaxial growth of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene at room temperature CARBON, 260 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121898. @article{WOS:001833693800001, title = {Radical-mediated epitaxial growth of wafer-scale single-crystal graphene at room temperature}, author = {Bum Jun Kim and Sudong Chae and Sang Hoon Lee and Ji-Yun Moon and Hyeongjun Kim and Seong Hyeon Kweon and Bom Lee and Sooheon Cho and Seungbae Oh and Byung Joo Jeong and Kyung Hwan Cho and Seung-Il Kim and Do Hee Lee and Hyun-Woo Kim and Junho Lee and Cheolho Jeon and Joonsuk Huh and Joung Real Ahn and Dongmok Whang and Hak Ki Yu and Sang Kyu Kwak and Jae-Hyun Lee and Jae-Young Choi}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121898}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0008-6223}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-10-01}, journal = {CARBON}, volume = {260}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {The synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystalline graphene (SCG) typically requires high temperatures (>750 degrees C) to overcome kinetic barriers associated with precursor activation and domain coalescence. Here, we report a fundamentally different growth paradigm that enables the room-temperature formation of SCG via pre-activated benzene radicals. By generating reactive phenyl species prior to surface adsorption and employing a hydrogen-enriched Cu(111) substrate, we bypass the rate-limiting dehydrogenation steps and promote spontaneous coupling reactions at ambient conditions. This strategy yields epitaxially aligned graphene domains that seamlessly merge into a wafer-scale single crystal without adlayers or wrinkles. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that hydrogen incorporation into Cu enhances surface electrophilicity and lowers the activation barrier for radical coupling. The resulting graphene exhibits high crystallinity and carrier mobility comparable to high-temperature-grown counterparts. This work establishes a molecularly engineered route for low-energy synthesis of two-dimensional materials and provides a general framework for radical-mediated crystal growth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystalline graphene (SCG) typically requires high temperatures (>750 degrees C) to overcome kinetic barriers associated with precursor activation and domain coalescence. Here, we report a fundamentally different growth paradigm that enables the room-temperature formation of SCG via pre-activated benzene radicals. By generating reactive phenyl species prior to surface adsorption and employing a hydrogen-enriched Cu(111) substrate, we bypass the rate-limiting dehydrogenation steps and promote spontaneous coupling reactions at ambient conditions. This strategy yields epitaxially aligned graphene domains that seamlessly merge into a wafer-scale single crystal without adlayers or wrinkles. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that hydrogen incorporation into Cu enhances surface electrophilicity and lowers the activation barrier for radical coupling. The resulting graphene exhibits high crystallinity and carrier mobility comparable to high-temperature-grown counterparts. This work establishes a molecularly engineered route for low-energy synthesis of two-dimensional materials and provides a general framework for radical-mediated crystal growth.
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Cheng, Jie; Lu, Zhijiang; Wu, Yongxin; Xu, Jianming; He, Yan Reconsidering anaerobic biotransformation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through coupled N/Fe/S/C biogeochemical cycling WATER RESEARCH, 305 , 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.126494. @article{WOS:001827369200001, title = {Reconsidering anaerobic biotransformation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through coupled N/Fe/S/C biogeochemical cycling}, author = {Jie Cheng and Zhijiang Lu and Yongxin Wu and Jianming Xu and Yan He}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2026.126494}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0043-1354}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-10-01}, journal = {WATER RESEARCH}, volume = {305}, publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}, address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds that pose long-term risks to ecosystems and human health. While PFAS were long considered biologically inert under anaerobic conditions, emerging evidence shows that selected PFAS can undergo microbial biotransformation and, in some cases, biodefluorination in biogeochemically active environments. However, the current understanding remains constrained, as PFAS biotransformation has been interpreted through molecular structure, individual microbial strains, or isolated enzymes, while the concurrent nitrogen, iron, sulfur, and carbon (N/Fe/S/C) biogeochemical cycles that define redox regimes, electron flow, and microbial community assembly are rarely treated as key factors. This review reframes anaerobic PFAS biotransformation through the perspective of coupled biogeochemical processes. We first systematically summarize the current evidence on anaerobic PFAS biotransformation, then examine how PFAS molecular structure and redox environment regulate transformation kinetics, efficiency, and pathways, with particular attention to the distinct defluorination behavior of polyfluorinated PFAS. We further discuss how denitrification, iron reduction, sulfur cycling, and methanogenesis shape the PFASbiotransforming environment by regulating electron availability, microbial assembly, and metabolic interactions. In addition, molecular mechanisms involving localized oxygenase or hydroxylative activation, reductive C-F bond cleavage, electron bifurcation, and fluoride detoxification are evaluated. By incorporating PFAS biotransformation into the context of natural elemental cycling, this review provides a conceptual framework for predicting PFAS fate, assessing biodefluorination, and improving treatment strategies by considering redox conditions and biogeochemical processes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds that pose long-term risks to ecosystems and human health. While PFAS were long considered biologically inert under anaerobic conditions, emerging evidence shows that selected PFAS can undergo microbial biotransformation and, in some cases, biodefluorination in biogeochemically active environments. However, the current understanding remains constrained, as PFAS biotransformation has been interpreted through molecular structure, individual microbial strains, or isolated enzymes, while the concurrent nitrogen, iron, sulfur, and carbon (N/Fe/S/C) biogeochemical cycles that define redox regimes, electron flow, and microbial community assembly are rarely treated as key factors. This review reframes anaerobic PFAS biotransformation through the perspective of coupled biogeochemical processes. We first systematically summarize the current evidence on anaerobic PFAS biotransformation, then examine how PFAS molecular structure and redox environment regulate transformation kinetics, efficiency, and pathways, with particular attention to the distinct defluorination behavior of polyfluorinated PFAS. We further discuss how denitrification, iron reduction, sulfur cycling, and methanogenesis shape the PFASbiotransforming environment by regulating electron availability, microbial assembly, and metabolic interactions. In addition, molecular mechanisms involving localized oxygenase or hydroxylative activation, reductive C-F bond cleavage, electron bifurcation, and fluoride detoxification are evaluated. By incorporating PFAS biotransformation into the context of natural elemental cycling, this review provides a conceptual framework for predicting PFAS fate, assessing biodefluorination, and improving treatment strategies by considering redox conditions and biogeochemical processes.
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Sun, Chang; Huo, Hong; Wang, Zili; Zhang, Shuyou; Li, Zheyi; Xiang, Yongzhe; Tan, Jianrong MET-Net: An equivalent-section mechanism-guided neural framework for explainable transfer learning in bilayer tube springback prediction under data scarcity and incomplete physical mechanisms JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS, 88 , pp. 298-316, 2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2026.06.003. @article{WOS:001806683500001, title = {MET-Net: An equivalent-section mechanism-guided neural framework for explainable transfer learning in bilayer tube springback prediction under data scarcity and incomplete physical mechanisms}, author = {Chang Sun and Hong Huo and Zili Wang and Shuyou Zhang and Zheyi Li and Yongzhe Xiang and Jianrong Tan}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2026.06.003}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0278-6125}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-10-01}, journal = {JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS}, volume = {88}, pages = {298-316}, publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD}, address = {125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND}, abstract = {Industry 4.0 requires transparent and reliable prediction of manufacturing outcomes, which is often constrained by scarce data and incomplete physical mechanisms. These constraints are particularly severe for bent bilayer metal tubes, whose springback prediction is essential for process planning. This work proposes MET-Net, a mechanism-guided neural framework for explainable transfer learning that reuses abundant single-layer springback knowledge for data-scarce bilayer prediction. MET-Net maps bilayer cross-section parameters to an equivalent single-layer representation through a differentiable equivalent-section module, whose adaptation is restricted to two physically meaningful correction parameters. The model is trained in two stages: physics-based initialization and single-layer pretraining, followed by conservative bilayer fine-tuning with sparse physicsresidual guardrails, and a lightweight affine calibrator. On a copper-aluminum rotary draw bending case, MET-Net achieves a median RMSE of 0.4835 degrees using only 100 bilayer samples, approaching the accuracy of a single-layer baseline trained on ten times more data. A paired zero-shot environment-perturbation evaluation further indicates stable performance under environment-level perturbations. Beyond accuracy, MET-Net supports manufacturing transparency through a structurally interpretable mechanism pathway, DeepLIFT-based training monitoring, and post-hoc diagnosability analyses. These strategies identify validity regimes of the embedded equivalent-section theory and quantify where systematic correction is required. MET-Net therefore provides accurate bilayer springback prediction together with actionable mechanism insight for process planning under data scarcity and incomplete physics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Industry 4.0 requires transparent and reliable prediction of manufacturing outcomes, which is often constrained by scarce data and incomplete physical mechanisms. These constraints are particularly severe for bent bilayer metal tubes, whose springback prediction is essential for process planning. This work proposes MET-Net, a mechanism-guided neural framework for explainable transfer learning that reuses abundant single-layer springback knowledge for data-scarce bilayer prediction. MET-Net maps bilayer cross-section parameters to an equivalent single-layer representation through a differentiable equivalent-section module, whose adaptation is restricted to two physically meaningful correction parameters. The model is trained in two stages: physics-based initialization and single-layer pretraining, followed by conservative bilayer fine-tuning with sparse physicsresidual guardrails, and a lightweight affine calibrator. On a copper-aluminum rotary draw bending case, MET-Net achieves a median RMSE of 0.4835 degrees using only 100 bilayer samples, approaching the accuracy of a single-layer baseline trained on ten times more data. A paired zero-shot environment-perturbation evaluation further indicates stable performance under environment-level perturbations. Beyond accuracy, MET-Net supports manufacturing transparency through a structurally interpretable mechanism pathway, DeepLIFT-based training monitoring, and post-hoc diagnosability analyses. These strategies identify validity regimes of the embedded equivalent-section theory and quantify where systematic correction is required. MET-Net therefore provides accurate bilayer springback prediction together with actionable mechanism insight for process planning under data scarcity and incomplete physics.
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Limpo, Carlos Maria Alava; Lee, Jong Hak; Ong, Yong Kang; Sassi, Lucas M; Rao, Yifan; Shi, Lu; Poh, Eng Tuan; Tsuchiya, Keiji; Takahashi, Daichi; Ozyilmaz, Barbaros Pore interconnectivity as a design principle for durable high-voltage carbon-based supercapacitors MICROSTRUCTURES, 6 (5), 2026, DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2026.86. @article{WOS:001882753900001, title = {Pore interconnectivity as a design principle for durable high-voltage carbon-based supercapacitors}, author = {Carlos Maria Alava Limpo and Jong Hak Lee and Yong Kang Ong and Lucas M Sassi and Yifan Rao and Lu Shi and Eng Tuan Poh and Keiji Tsuchiya and Daichi Takahashi and Barbaros Ozyilmaz}, doi = {10.20517/microstructures.2026.86}, times_cited = {0}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-10-01}, journal = {MICROSTRUCTURES}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, publisher = {OAE PUBLISHING INC}, address = {245 E MAIN ST, ST122, ALHAMBRA, CA 91801 USA}, abstract = {The occlusion of sorption sites during gradual electrochemical degradation is widely implicated in the capacitance fade of carbon-based supercapacitors, yet how pore architecture influences the tolerance of electrodes to pore blocking remains insufficiently studied. This work demonstrates that pore interconnectivity plays a key role in determining the tolerance of carbon electrodes to site occlusion. Alongside electrochemical tests, structural characterization of conventional activated carbons revealed how their narrow micropores are susceptible to accessibility loss while under potentiostatic operation, thus suffering rapid capacitance losses and equivalent series resistance (ESR) increments. In contrast, a carbon developed with a well-interconnected micro-mesoporous network demonstrated up to 14-fold longer lifetime under identical conditions. Critically, this improved durability translated to an 11-fold increase in cumulative energy delivered prior to End-of-Life of the device, as compared to carbons whose structures are initially optimized for maximizing capacitance. Further post-mortem analyses indicated that carbons with improved pore interconnectivity can tolerate a greater buildup of pore-blocking by-products before reaching capacitive failure, thus showing how pore network architecture mitigates or exacerbates the progressive occlusion of ion-accessible regions. We propose that highly interconnected pore structures feature alternative pathways that maintain the accessibility of sorption sites under constant operation. These findings establish pore interconnectivity as a key principle for extending the durability of supercapacitors under demanding voltage and temperature conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The occlusion of sorption sites during gradual electrochemical degradation is widely implicated in the capacitance fade of carbon-based supercapacitors, yet how pore architecture influences the tolerance of electrodes to pore blocking remains insufficiently studied. This work demonstrates that pore interconnectivity plays a key role in determining the tolerance of carbon electrodes to site occlusion. Alongside electrochemical tests, structural characterization of conventional activated carbons revealed how their narrow micropores are susceptible to accessibility loss while under potentiostatic operation, thus suffering rapid capacitance losses and equivalent series resistance (ESR) increments. In contrast, a carbon developed with a well-interconnected micro-mesoporous network demonstrated up to 14-fold longer lifetime under identical conditions. Critically, this improved durability translated to an 11-fold increase in cumulative energy delivered prior to End-of-Life of the device, as compared to carbons whose structures are initially optimized for maximizing capacitance. Further post-mortem analyses indicated that carbons with improved pore interconnectivity can tolerate a greater buildup of pore-blocking by-products before reaching capacitive failure, thus showing how pore network architecture mitigates or exacerbates the progressive occlusion of ion-accessible regions. We propose that highly interconnected pore structures feature alternative pathways that maintain the accessibility of sorption sites under constant operation. These findings establish pore interconnectivity as a key principle for extending the durability of supercapacitors under demanding voltage and temperature conditions.
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Yang, Jihoon; Yoon, Sohui; Im, Jaehong; Kim, Jaemin; Park, Seonghyeok; Park, Jaeeun; Kim, Seong-Jin; Lee, Zonghoon; Suh, Joonki; Jeong, Hongsik; Lanza, Mario; Lim, Dong-Hyeok; Kwon, Soon-Yong Deterministic Switching-Path Engineering of CMOS-Integrated 2D Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing SMALL, 2026, DOI: 10.1002/smll.75285. @article{WOS:001868386200001, title = {Deterministic Switching-Path Engineering of CMOS-Integrated 2D Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing}, author = {Jihoon Yang and Sohui Yoon and Jaehong Im and Jaemin Kim and Seonghyeok Park and Jaeeun Park and Seong-Jin Kim and Zonghoon Lee and Joonki Suh and Hongsik Jeong and Mario Lanza and Dong-Hyeok Lim and Soon-Yong Kwon}, doi = {10.1002/smll.75285}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1613-6810}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {SMALL}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {Two-dimensional (2D) memristors are promising for low-power and high-speed neuromorphic hardware. However, their performance under circuit-level constraints remains limited because resistive switching relies on native defects, hindering precise control of filament formation. Here, we report 2D MoTe2 memristors that integrate deterministic switching-path density engineering with CMOS-compatible one-transistor-one-memristor (1T-1 M) architectures. The devices exhibit highly linear and symmetric synaptic plasticity (alpha p/alpha d = 0.019/0.2), enabled by a balanced interplay between filament formation and confinement. Furthermore, monolithic integration with silicon transistors enables gate-tunable compliance control, which suppresses variability and stabilizes array-level operation. The resulting 1T-1 M arrays exhibit a wide dynamic range (similar to 22 & times;), and minimal potentiation/depression variation (7.95%/6.22%). Device-aware simulations based on multilayer perception, convolutional neural network, and autoencoder models confirm improved learning accuracy compared to passive arrays. This work establishes a materials-to-circuit design framework that links defect-path engineering with transistor-assisted current control, providing a practical pathway toward 2D neuromorphic hardware.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two-dimensional (2D) memristors are promising for low-power and high-speed neuromorphic hardware. However, their performance under circuit-level constraints remains limited because resistive switching relies on native defects, hindering precise control of filament formation. Here, we report 2D MoTe2 memristors that integrate deterministic switching-path density engineering with CMOS-compatible one-transistor-one-memristor (1T-1 M) architectures. The devices exhibit highly linear and symmetric synaptic plasticity (alpha p/alpha d = 0.019/0.2), enabled by a balanced interplay between filament formation and confinement. Furthermore, monolithic integration with silicon transistors enables gate-tunable compliance control, which suppresses variability and stabilizes array-level operation. The resulting 1T-1 M arrays exhibit a wide dynamic range (similar to 22 & times;), and minimal potentiation/depression variation (7.95%/6.22%). Device-aware simulations based on multilayer perception, convolutional neural network, and autoencoder models confirm improved learning accuracy compared to passive arrays. This work establishes a materials-to-circuit design framework that links defect-path engineering with transistor-assisted current control, providing a practical pathway toward 2D neuromorphic hardware.
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Loh, Kelvin Wei Zhern; Zhou, Yanruo; Liu, Cong; Zhai, Jing; Jaladanki, Chaitanya K; Neo, Cheryl Jia Yi; Yu, Dejie; Liang, Mui Cheng; Shen, Mengxia; Fan, Hao; Liao, Ping; Hu, Zhenyu; Soong, Tuck Wah Galectin-3 Regulates Smooth Muscle Contraction and Blood Pressure by Modulating CaV1.2 Channel Function CIRCULATION, 154 (9), pp. 819-834, 2026, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.126.080022. @article{WOS:001863893000001, title = {Galectin-3 Regulates Smooth Muscle Contraction and Blood Pressure by Modulating CaV1.2 Channel Function}, author = {Kelvin Wei Zhern Loh and Yanruo Zhou and Cong Liu and Jing Zhai and Chaitanya K Jaladanki and Cheryl Jia Yi Neo and Dejie Yu and Mui Cheng Liang and Mengxia Shen and Hao Fan and Ping Liao and Zhenyu Hu and Tuck Wah Soong}, doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.126.080022}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0009-7322}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {CIRCULATION}, volume = {154}, number = {9}, pages = {819-834}, publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, address = {TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fine-tuning of CaV1.2 calcium channel activity by binding proteins represents a novel mechanism for regulating smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to elucidate the role of Gal-3 (galectin-3), a newly identified CaV1.2-binding protein, in the pathogenesis of hypertension.METHODS: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments involving molecular and biochemical assays, in silico prediction, patch-clamp electrophysiologic recordings, immunohistochemistry, pressure myography, and tail-cuff BP measurements were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which Gal-3 binds to and elevates membrane insertion of CaV1.2 channels. The experiments were performed in transfected HEK 293 cells, isolated smooth muscle cells, and arteries from smooth muscle-specific Gal-3 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates; spontaneously hypertensive rats; or human patients. In vivo experiments involving delivery of the blocking iGal3BP (inhibitory galectin-3-binding peptide) into spontaneously hypertensive rats were performed to investigate its effect on BP.RESULTS: We identified Gal-3 as a novel binding partner and unexpected positive modulator of the CaV1.2 channel through binding to the intracellular II-III loop. Gal-3 increased total and surface expression, current density, and open probability of CaV1.2 channels. Both CaV1.2 and Gal-3 were upregulated in hypertensive rat aortas and human pulmonary arteries. Conditional deletion of Gal-3 in smooth muscle markedly lowered CaV1.2 protein and BP in mice. With specific binding sites identified within both Gal-3 and the CaV1.2 II-III loop, the peptide iGal3BP, designed to block CaV1.2-Gal-3 interaction, significantly reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats by decreasing CaV1.2 protein expression. Repeated iGal3BP administration resulted in cumulative peptide accumulation in mesenteric arteries and produced a sustained reduction in BP, which demonstrated greater long-lasting antihypertensive efficacy compared with amlodipine and losartan. Administration of iGal3BP in combination with a negative modulatory Gal-1 mimetic peptide that mimics Gal-1-CaV1.2 interaction returned systolic BP to normotensive levels within 4 hours and lowered BP in hypertensive rats in a sustained manner for 35 days.CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence that Gal-based CaV1.2 channel modulators are novel therapeutic pathways for normalizing BP.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Fine-tuning of CaV1.2 calcium channel activity by binding proteins represents a novel mechanism for regulating smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to elucidate the role of Gal-3 (galectin-3), a newly identified CaV1.2-binding protein, in the pathogenesis of hypertension.METHODS: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments involving molecular and biochemical assays, in silico prediction, patch-clamp electrophysiologic recordings, immunohistochemistry, pressure myography, and tail-cuff BP measurements were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which Gal-3 binds to and elevates membrane insertion of CaV1.2 channels. The experiments were performed in transfected HEK 293 cells, isolated smooth muscle cells, and arteries from smooth muscle-specific Gal-3 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates; spontaneously hypertensive rats; or human patients. In vivo experiments involving delivery of the blocking iGal3BP (inhibitory galectin-3-binding peptide) into spontaneously hypertensive rats were performed to investigate its effect on BP.RESULTS: We identified Gal-3 as a novel binding partner and unexpected positive modulator of the CaV1.2 channel through binding to the intracellular II-III loop. Gal-3 increased total and surface expression, current density, and open probability of CaV1.2 channels. Both CaV1.2 and Gal-3 were upregulated in hypertensive rat aortas and human pulmonary arteries. Conditional deletion of Gal-3 in smooth muscle markedly lowered CaV1.2 protein and BP in mice. With specific binding sites identified within both Gal-3 and the CaV1.2 II-III loop, the peptide iGal3BP, designed to block CaV1.2-Gal-3 interaction, significantly reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats by decreasing CaV1.2 protein expression. Repeated iGal3BP administration resulted in cumulative peptide accumulation in mesenteric arteries and produced a sustained reduction in BP, which demonstrated greater long-lasting antihypertensive efficacy compared with amlodipine and losartan. Administration of iGal3BP in combination with a negative modulatory Gal-1 mimetic peptide that mimics Gal-1-CaV1.2 interaction returned systolic BP to normotensive levels within 4 hours and lowered BP in hypertensive rats in a sustained manner for 35 days.CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence that Gal-based CaV1.2 channel modulators are novel therapeutic pathways for normalizing BP.
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Kwun, Hyung Jun; Ghods, Soheil; Jang, Ho-Chan; Bong, Jungwoo; Seok, Dae Woong; Kim, Seung-Il; Choi, Jun-Hui; Hyun, Sang-Hwa; Josline, Mukkath Joseph; Park, Hyeong Gi; Lee, Sang Hoon; Baek, Woonhyuk; Bae, Sukang; Bae, Sang-Hoon; Kim, Kwang-Seop; Moon, Ji-Yun; Lee, Jae-Hyun Deposition-Free Anti-Reflective Nanomembrane Lamination for Ultrathin Photodetectors NANO LETTERS, 26 (35), pp. 11721-11730, 2026, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02513. @article{WOS:001858355400001, title = {Deposition-Free Anti-Reflective Nanomembrane Lamination for Ultrathin Photodetectors}, author = {Hyung Jun Kwun and Soheil Ghods and Ho-Chan Jang and Jungwoo Bong and Dae Woong Seok and Seung-Il Kim and Jun-Hui Choi and Sang-Hwa Hyun and Mukkath Joseph Josline and Hyeong Gi Park and Sang Hoon Lee and Woonhyuk Baek and Sukang Bae and Sang-Hoon Bae and Kwang-Seop Kim and Ji-Yun Moon and Jae-Hyun Lee}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02513}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1530-6984}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {NANO LETTERS}, volume = {26}, number = {35}, pages = {11721-11730}, publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC}, address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}, abstract = {The transition toward function-centric three-dimensional heterogeneous integration (3DHI) requires ultrathin photodetectors with strong photoresponse and compatibility with vertical stacking. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising active layers for such systems but suffer from intrinsically limited light absorption. Moreover, strategies for enhancing light absorption in monolayer TMDCs without compromising their electronic quality remain limited, as direct deposition can introduce defects and interfacial disorder. Here, we report deposition-free vdW lamination of an anti-reflective MgF2 nanomembrane onto monolayer MoS2. Uniform MgF2 nanomembranes are formed on an amorphous carbon monolayer (ACM) template and cleanly released at the MgF2/ACM interface, enabling integration without compromising the integrity of monolayer MoS2 while enhancing its photoresponse. Applied to mixed-dimensional 3D/2D/3D stacked MgF2/MoS2/Si photodetectors, this approach enables broadband visible-to-near-infrared detection with a maximum responsivity of 51.36 A/W and a measured-noise-based detectivity of 2.27 & times; 10(12) Jones, demonstrating compatibility with vertically stacked 3DHI platforms and effective photoresponse enhancement.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The transition toward function-centric three-dimensional heterogeneous integration (3DHI) requires ultrathin photodetectors with strong photoresponse and compatibility with vertical stacking. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising active layers for such systems but suffer from intrinsically limited light absorption. Moreover, strategies for enhancing light absorption in monolayer TMDCs without compromising their electronic quality remain limited, as direct deposition can introduce defects and interfacial disorder. Here, we report deposition-free vdW lamination of an anti-reflective MgF2 nanomembrane onto monolayer MoS2. Uniform MgF2 nanomembranes are formed on an amorphous carbon monolayer (ACM) template and cleanly released at the MgF2/ACM interface, enabling integration without compromising the integrity of monolayer MoS2 while enhancing its photoresponse. Applied to mixed-dimensional 3D/2D/3D stacked MgF2/MoS2/Si photodetectors, this approach enables broadband visible-to-near-infrared detection with a maximum responsivity of 51.36 A/W and a measured-noise-based detectivity of 2.27 & times; 10(12) Jones, demonstrating compatibility with vertically stacked 3DHI platforms and effective photoresponse enhancement.
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Chang, Chunlu; Tan, Fan; Zhao, Xingyu; Qi, Liujian; An, Junru; Liu, Zhilin; Shi, Yaru; Liu, Mingxiu; Che, Mengqi; Li, Yahui; Feng, Yanze; Zou, Yuting; Li, Dabing; Lanza, Mario; Zhang, Nan; Li, Shaojuan Boosting Artificial Olfaction: Visual Cues-Enhanced Gas Classification by a Bimodal Neuromorphic Device ADVANCED MATERIALS, 38 (49), 2026, DOI: 10.1002/adma.74191. @article{WOS:001826906800001, title = {Boosting Artificial Olfaction: Visual Cues-Enhanced Gas Classification by a Bimodal Neuromorphic Device}, author = {Chunlu Chang and Fan Tan and Xingyu Zhao and Liujian Qi and Junru An and Zhilin Liu and Yaru Shi and Mingxiu Liu and Mengqi Che and Yahui Li and Yanze Feng and Yuting Zou and Dabing Li and Mario Lanza and Nan Zhang and Shaojuan Li}, doi = {10.1002/adma.74191}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0935-9648}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {ADVANCED MATERIALS}, volume = {38}, number = {49}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {Artificial olfactory sensors have garnered significant attention in various applications, including micro-robotics, implantable medical devices, and consumer electronics. However, they still face challenges in trade-offs among high recognition accuracy, compact size, and low power consumption. Existing strategies can rely on large-scale sensor arrays (up to 104 elements) to enhance gas recognition accuracy, but this substantially increases system size and power consumption. Inspired by biological multisensory synergy, we propose a visual-olfactory bimodal neuromorphic device to overcome these limitations. It emulates biological perceptual fusion, including bimodal perceptual weighting and enhancement. With a small active area of 148 & micro;m2, a static power consumption of only 3.4 & micro;W, and a low operating voltage of 1 V, the device exhibits ppb-level sensing performance and is capable of both classifying gas types and identifying concentrations for multiple target gases. The proposed bimodal perception strategy achieves a gas classification accuracy of 98.27%, far exceeding that of the olfactory unimodal mode (52.24%), and, importantly, enables precise discrimination of mixed gases with highly overlapping sensing signatures. Our strategy not only provides a unit architecture for constructing miniaturized, low-power, and highly accurate artificial olfactory systems but also paves the way for next-generation bio-inspired multimodal neuromorphic sensing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Artificial olfactory sensors have garnered significant attention in various applications, including micro-robotics, implantable medical devices, and consumer electronics. However, they still face challenges in trade-offs among high recognition accuracy, compact size, and low power consumption. Existing strategies can rely on large-scale sensor arrays (up to 104 elements) to enhance gas recognition accuracy, but this substantially increases system size and power consumption. Inspired by biological multisensory synergy, we propose a visual-olfactory bimodal neuromorphic device to overcome these limitations. It emulates biological perceptual fusion, including bimodal perceptual weighting and enhancement. With a small active area of 148 & micro;m2, a static power consumption of only 3.4 & micro;W, and a low operating voltage of 1 V, the device exhibits ppb-level sensing performance and is capable of both classifying gas types and identifying concentrations for multiple target gases. The proposed bimodal perception strategy achieves a gas classification accuracy of 98.27%, far exceeding that of the olfactory unimodal mode (52.24%), and, importantly, enables precise discrimination of mixed gases with highly overlapping sensing signatures. Our strategy not only provides a unit architecture for constructing miniaturized, low-power, and highly accurate artificial olfactory systems but also paves the way for next-generation bio-inspired multimodal neuromorphic sensing.
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Toh, Chee-Tat; Grebenko, Artem K; Karadeniz, Ugur; Bhat, Usha; He, Ya; Zhang, Hongji; Shi, Lu; Rogov, Iurii; Noskova, Daria; Starkov, Andrei; Alekseeva, Alena A; Iakoubovskii, Konstantin V; Tee, Chuan Chu; Vyalikh, Denis V; Makarova, Anna; Fedorov, Alexander; Sassi, Lucas M; Bosman, Michel; Kamiuchi, Naoto; Sato, Yuta; Suenaga, Kazutomo; Ozyilmaz, Barbaros Atomically thin amorphous carbon with an ultralow dielectric constant NATURE ELECTRONICS, 9 (9), 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41928-026-01685-2. @article{WOS:001851851300001, title = {Atomically thin amorphous carbon with an ultralow dielectric constant}, author = {Chee-Tat Toh and Artem K Grebenko and Ugur Karadeniz and Usha Bhat and Ya He and Hongji Zhang and Lu Shi and Iurii Rogov and Daria Noskova and Andrei Starkov and Alena A Alekseeva and Konstantin V Iakoubovskii and Chuan Chu Tee and Denis V Vyalikh and Anna Makarova and Alexander Fedorov and Lucas M Sassi and Michel Bosman and Naoto Kamiuchi and Yuta Sato and Kazutomo Suenaga and Barbaros Ozyilmaz}, doi = {10.1038/s41928-026-01685-2}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {2520-1131}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {NATURE ELECTRONICS}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Two-dimensional (2D) materials could replace conventional electronic components. Key advances have already been made in applying 2D materials to integrated circuits, but a robust, atomically thin ultralow-k dielectric remains crucial for further circuit scaling. Minimizing parasitic capacitances, in particular, will be needed as conductor spacing shrinks below 10 nm. However, conventional amorphous or porous low-k dielectrics become unstable at nanometre thicknesses. Here we show that atomically thin amorphous carbon films can function as mechanically robust ultralow-k dielectrics with a dielectric constant of 1.35 and a dielectric strength of 28-31 MV cm-1. The films are also an effective barrier to metal-ion diffusion, with a time to failure of 1010 s at 0.8-nm thickness. Our approach relies on a low-temperature, direct and conformal growth process, which makes it promising for practical implementation in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two-dimensional (2D) materials could replace conventional electronic components. Key advances have already been made in applying 2D materials to integrated circuits, but a robust, atomically thin ultralow-k dielectric remains crucial for further circuit scaling. Minimizing parasitic capacitances, in particular, will be needed as conductor spacing shrinks below 10 nm. However, conventional amorphous or porous low-k dielectrics become unstable at nanometre thicknesses. Here we show that atomically thin amorphous carbon films can function as mechanically robust ultralow-k dielectrics with a dielectric constant of 1.35 and a dielectric strength of 28-31 MV cm-1. The films are also an effective barrier to metal-ion diffusion, with a time to failure of 1010 s at 0.8-nm thickness. Our approach relies on a low-temperature, direct and conformal growth process, which makes it promising for practical implementation in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.
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Fan, Lei; Tayyebi, Ebrahim; Cervinka, Ctirad; Li, Hua; Xie, Jin; Zhang, Weidong; Chen, Shurui; Zhu, Jing; Xu, Xiaozhi; Atkin, Rob; Li, Ju; Exner, Kai S; Mao, Xianwen Single-turnover subparticle imaging reveals kinetic compensation in electrocatalytic surface water dissociation NATURE CATALYSIS, 9 (9), 2026, DOI: 10.1038/s41929-026-01599-4. @article{WOS:001848653000001, title = {Single-turnover subparticle imaging reveals kinetic compensation in electrocatalytic surface water dissociation}, author = {Lei Fan and Ebrahim Tayyebi and Ctirad Cervinka and Hua Li and Jin Xie and Weidong Zhang and Shurui Chen and Jing Zhu and Xiaozhi Xu and Rob Atkin and Ju Li and Kai S Exner and Xianwen Mao}, doi = {10.1038/s41929-026-01599-4}, times_cited = {1}, issn = {2520-1158}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {NATURE CATALYSIS}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {Bulk measurements obscure critical microscopic variations, limiting the mechanistic understanding of complex electrocatalyst interfaces central to sustainability technologies. Although emerging single-particle techniques address ensemble averaging, they focus on catalyst structure, reactant adsorption or special model reactions, and cannot quantify turnover rates of practical electrocatalytic reactions. Here we report domino-reaction-enabled label-free imaging for nanoscopic electrocatalysis (DELINE), enabling subparticle, single-turnover imaging of surface water dissociation under operando conditions. DELINE decouples size-structure effects in electrocatalysts, reveals unexpected heterogeneity in Volmer transition states and uncovers strong coupling between charge-transfer coefficient and exchange velocity. Using DELINE imaging, we provide evidence of a compensation rule in electrocatalysis, akin to Meyer-Neldel behaviour. Cost-effective and high-throughput, DELINE quantifies key activity descriptors at single-particle/subparticle levels under realistic conditions, bridging the theory-experiment gap and accelerating catalyst screening.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bulk measurements obscure critical microscopic variations, limiting the mechanistic understanding of complex electrocatalyst interfaces central to sustainability technologies. Although emerging single-particle techniques address ensemble averaging, they focus on catalyst structure, reactant adsorption or special model reactions, and cannot quantify turnover rates of practical electrocatalytic reactions. Here we report domino-reaction-enabled label-free imaging for nanoscopic electrocatalysis (DELINE), enabling subparticle, single-turnover imaging of surface water dissociation under operando conditions. DELINE decouples size-structure effects in electrocatalysts, reveals unexpected heterogeneity in Volmer transition states and uncovers strong coupling between charge-transfer coefficient and exchange velocity. Using DELINE imaging, we provide evidence of a compensation rule in electrocatalysis, akin to Meyer-Neldel behaviour. Cost-effective and high-throughput, DELINE quantifies key activity descriptors at single-particle/subparticle levels under realistic conditions, bridging the theory-experiment gap and accelerating catalyst screening.
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Zhang, Baolong; Duan, Ruihuan; Mishra, Sobhan Subhra; Caiwei, Thomas Tan; Liu, Zheng; Singh, Ranjan Controlling Radiative Phonons in the van der Waals Ferroelectric NbOI2 ADVANCED MATERIALS, 38 (53), 2026, DOI: 10.1002/adma.74337. @article{WOS:001834543900001, title = {Controlling Radiative Phonons in the van der Waals Ferroelectric NbOI2}, author = {Baolong Zhang and Ruihuan Duan and Sobhan Subhra Mishra and Thomas Tan Caiwei and Zheng Liu and Ranjan Singh}, doi = {10.1002/adma.74337}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0935-9648}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-09-01}, journal = {ADVANCED MATERIALS}, volume = {38}, number = {53}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {The optical properties of quantum systems are fundamentally governed by their electromagnetic environment through the local density of optical states (LDOS), enabling powerful control over atomic, excitonic, and electronic transitions. However, the radiative properties of phonons have remained largely unexplored within this framework of environmental engineering. Here we demonstrate LDOS control of terahertz (THz) phonon emission in the van der Waals ferroelectric NbOI2 using a simple mirror geometry. By modifying the photonic environment, we achieve pronounced and reversible tuning of the phonon Q-factor, peak frequency, linewidth, and emission intensity, with modulation approaching an order of magnitude. The observed behavior arises from Purcell-like enhancement and suppression of the phonon radiative rate, revealing a near-unity radiative quantum efficiency in NbOI2. Our results establish radiative phonons as tunable quasiparticles governed by photonic boundary conditions, extending LDOS engineering from electronic to lattice excitations. This framework enables deterministic control of phonon lifetimes and emission spectra, opening new opportunities for compact tunable THz sources and phonon-based quantum and photonic technologies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The optical properties of quantum systems are fundamentally governed by their electromagnetic environment through the local density of optical states (LDOS), enabling powerful control over atomic, excitonic, and electronic transitions. However, the radiative properties of phonons have remained largely unexplored within this framework of environmental engineering. Here we demonstrate LDOS control of terahertz (THz) phonon emission in the van der Waals ferroelectric NbOI2 using a simple mirror geometry. By modifying the photonic environment, we achieve pronounced and reversible tuning of the phonon Q-factor, peak frequency, linewidth, and emission intensity, with modulation approaching an order of magnitude. The observed behavior arises from Purcell-like enhancement and suppression of the phonon radiative rate, revealing a near-unity radiative quantum efficiency in NbOI2. Our results establish radiative phonons as tunable quasiparticles governed by photonic boundary conditions, extending LDOS engineering from electronic to lattice excitations. This framework enables deterministic control of phonon lifetimes and emission spectra, opening new opportunities for compact tunable THz sources and phonon-based quantum and photonic technologies.
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