People
Senior Research Fellow
Maxim Trushin
Title
Senior Research Fellow
Designation
Research Assistant Professor
Degree
PhD
Research Interests
2D materials, optoelectronics, biomimetics
I-FIM Publications:
2026 |
Trushin, Maxim Resonant Field Emission from Noble-Metal/Graphene Heterostructures NANO LETTERS, 26 (11), pp. 3760-3767, 2026, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06054. @article{WOS:001714968000001, title = {Resonant Field Emission from Noble-Metal/Graphene Heterostructures}, author = {Maxim Trushin}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c06054}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {1530-6984}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-03-01}, journal = {NANO LETTERS}, volume = {26}, number = {11}, pages = {3760-3767}, publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC}, address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}, abstract = {Field emission from metals underpinned early vacuum-tube technology, and recent nanoscale engineering made field-emission devices compatible with modern silicon platforms. However, the limited tunability of electron transport in metals has restricted their applicability. Here, we show that noble metals coated with graphene exhibit clean nonmonotonic I-V characteristics arising from resonant tunneling through the electronic states of graphene, enabled by the atomic thinness and weak electronic hybridization of graphene with noble metals. Our approach combines ab initio interface parameters with exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for electron transmission across the interface. We analyze two experimentally relevant geometries: a vertical configuration with a flat suspended emitter and a coplanar configuration with sharp electrodes allowing for strong field enhancement and gating. These results establish a practical route to tunable electron transport in metal heterostructures, positioning them as competitive components for air-channel field-emission nanoelectronics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Field emission from metals underpinned early vacuum-tube technology, and recent nanoscale engineering made field-emission devices compatible with modern silicon platforms. However, the limited tunability of electron transport in metals has restricted their applicability. Here, we show that noble metals coated with graphene exhibit clean nonmonotonic I-V characteristics arising from resonant tunneling through the electronic states of graphene, enabled by the atomic thinness and weak electronic hybridization of graphene with noble metals. Our approach combines ab initio interface parameters with exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation for electron transmission across the interface. We analyze two experimentally relevant geometries: a vertical configuration with a flat suspended emitter and a coplanar configuration with sharp electrodes allowing for strong field enhancement and gating. These results establish a practical route to tunable electron transport in metal heterostructures, positioning them as competitive components for air-channel field-emission nanoelectronics.
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Trushin, Maxim Electrical Generation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Plasmonic Heterostructures PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 136 (1), 2026, DOI: 10.1103/q59q-m9q1. @article{WOS:001659391900003, title = {Electrical Generation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Plasmonic Heterostructures}, author = {Maxim Trushin}, doi = {10.1103/q59q-m9q1}, times_cited = {0}, issn = {0031-9007}, year = {2026}, date = {2026-01-01}, journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS}, volume = {136}, number = {1}, publisher = {AMER PHYSICAL SOC}, address = {ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA}, abstract = {Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be understood as two-dimensional light confined to a conductordielectric interface via plasmonic excitations. While low-energy SPPs behave similarly to photons, higherfrequency SPPs resemble surface plasmons. Electrically generating midrange SPPs is particularly challenging because it requires compensating for momentum mismatch, a process conventionally achieved through inelastic electron transport in nanostructures. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that electrical SPP generation is possible by directly coupling electron-hole dipoles to the quantized SPP field across an insulating spacer without accompanying electron transport. This approach can be realized in plasmonic van der Waals heterostructures composed of strongly biased monolayer graphene as the emitter, few-layer hexagonal boron nitride as the spacer, and silver (or gold) as the plasmonic material. In this configuration, graphene's remarkable ability to support a strongly nonequilibrium steady-state electron-hole population results in nonthermal, bias-tunable SPP emission that is uniform along the hBN/Ag interface, achieving a power conversion efficiency of up to 1% and a Purcell factor of up to 100. These findings pave the way for integrating photonic and electronic functionalities within a single two-dimensional heterostructure.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be understood as two-dimensional light confined to a conductordielectric interface via plasmonic excitations. While low-energy SPPs behave similarly to photons, higherfrequency SPPs resemble surface plasmons. Electrically generating midrange SPPs is particularly challenging because it requires compensating for momentum mismatch, a process conventionally achieved through inelastic electron transport in nanostructures. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that electrical SPP generation is possible by directly coupling electron-hole dipoles to the quantized SPP field across an insulating spacer without accompanying electron transport. This approach can be realized in plasmonic van der Waals heterostructures composed of strongly biased monolayer graphene as the emitter, few-layer hexagonal boron nitride as the spacer, and silver (or gold) as the plasmonic material. In this configuration, graphene's remarkable ability to support a strongly nonequilibrium steady-state electron-hole population results in nonthermal, bias-tunable SPP emission that is uniform along the hBN/Ag interface, achieving a power conversion efficiency of up to 1% and a Purcell factor of up to 100. These findings pave the way for integrating photonic and electronic functionalities within a single two-dimensional heterostructure.
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2025 |
Trushin, Maxim; Andreeva, Daria V; Peeters, Francois M; Novoselov, Kostya S Structure and flow of low-dimensional water NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS, 7 (9), pp. 502-513, 2025, DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00857-x. @article{WOS:001546846300001, title = {Structure and flow of low-dimensional water}, author = {Maxim Trushin and Daria V Andreeva and Francois M Peeters and Kostya S Novoselov}, doi = {10.1038/s42254-025-00857-x}, times_cited = {9}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-09-01}, journal = {NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS}, volume = {7}, number = {9}, pages = {502-513}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {When water flows through 1D or 2D channels, its behaviour deviates substantially from the well-established principles of hydrodynamics. This is because reducing the dimensionality of any interacting physical system amplifies interaction effects that are beyond the reach of traditional hydrodynamic equations. In low-dimensional water, hydrogen bonds can become stable enough to arrange water molecules into an ordered state, causing water to behave not only like a liquid but also like a solid in certain respects. In this Review, we explore the relationship between the molecular ordering of water and its ability to flow in low-dimensional channels, using viscosities of bulk water, vapour, and ice as benchmarks. We also provide a brief overview of the key theoretical approaches available for such analyses and discuss ionic transport, which is heavily influenced by the molecular structure of water. The dynamic interaction between low-dimensional water transport and ion-coupled structural features lies at the heart of recent advances in the design and investigation of angstrom-scale biomimetic and neuromorphic channels.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } When water flows through 1D or 2D channels, its behaviour deviates substantially from the well-established principles of hydrodynamics. This is because reducing the dimensionality of any interacting physical system amplifies interaction effects that are beyond the reach of traditional hydrodynamic equations. In low-dimensional water, hydrogen bonds can become stable enough to arrange water molecules into an ordered state, causing water to behave not only like a liquid but also like a solid in certain respects. In this Review, we explore the relationship between the molecular ordering of water and its ability to flow in low-dimensional channels, using viscosities of bulk water, vapour, and ice as benchmarks. We also provide a brief overview of the key theoretical approaches available for such analyses and discuss ionic transport, which is heavily influenced by the molecular structure of water. The dynamic interaction between low-dimensional water transport and ion-coupled structural features lies at the heart of recent advances in the design and investigation of angstrom-scale biomimetic and neuromorphic channels.
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Babich, I; Reznikov, I; Begichev, I; Kazantsev, A E; Slizovskiy, S; Baranov, D; Siskins, M; Zhan, Z; Pantaleon, P A; Trushin, M; Zhao, J; Grebenchuk, S; Novoselov, K S; Watanabe, K; Taniguchi, T; Fal'ko, V I; Principi, A; Berdyugin, A I Milli-Tesla quantization enabled by tuneable Coulomb screening in large-angle twisted graphene NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 16 (1), 2025, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62492-5. @article{WOS:001548594700007, title = {Milli-Tesla quantization enabled by tuneable Coulomb screening in large-angle twisted graphene}, author = {I Babich and I Reznikov and I Begichev and A E Kazantsev and S Slizovskiy and D Baranov and M Siskins and Z Zhan and P A Pantaleon and M Trushin and J Zhao and S Grebenchuk and K S Novoselov and K Watanabe and T Taniguchi and V I Fal'ko and A Principi and A I Berdyugin}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-62492-5}, times_cited = {3}, year = {2025}, date = {2025-08-01}, journal = {NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, publisher = {NATURE PORTFOLIO}, address = {HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}, abstract = {The electronic quality of graphene has improved significantly over the past two decades, revealing novel phenomena. However, even state-of-the-art devices exhibit substantial spatial charge fluctuations originating from charged defects inside the encapsulating crystals, limiting their performance. Here, we overcome this issue by assembling devices in which graphene is encapsulated by other graphene layers while remaining electronically decoupled from them via a large twist angle (similar to 10-30 degrees). Doping of the encapsulating graphene layer introduces strong Coulomb screening, maximized by the sub-nanometer distance between the layers, and reduces the inhomogeneity in the adjacent layer to just a few carriers per square micrometre. The enhanced quality manifests in Landau quantization emerging at magnetic fields as low as similar to 5 milli-Tesla and enables resolution of a small energy gap at the Dirac point. Our encapsulation approach can be extended to other two-dimensional systems, enabling further exploration of the electronic properties of ultrapure devices.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electronic quality of graphene has improved significantly over the past two decades, revealing novel phenomena. However, even state-of-the-art devices exhibit substantial spatial charge fluctuations originating from charged defects inside the encapsulating crystals, limiting their performance. Here, we overcome this issue by assembling devices in which graphene is encapsulated by other graphene layers while remaining electronically decoupled from them via a large twist angle (similar to 10-30 degrees). Doping of the encapsulating graphene layer introduces strong Coulomb screening, maximized by the sub-nanometer distance between the layers, and reduces the inhomogeneity in the adjacent layer to just a few carriers per square micrometre. The enhanced quality manifests in Landau quantization emerging at magnetic fields as low as similar to 5 milli-Tesla and enables resolution of a small energy gap at the Dirac point. Our encapsulation approach can be extended to other two-dimensional systems, enabling further exploration of the electronic properties of ultrapure devices.
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2024 |
Tan, Hui Li; Donato, Katarzyna Z; Costa, Mariana C F; Carvalho, Alexandra; Trushin, Maxim; Ng, Pei Rou; Yau, Xin Hui; Koon, Gavin K W; Tolasz, Jakub; Nemeckova, Zuzana; Ecorchard, Petra; Donato, Ricardo K; Neto, Antonio Castro H Fibrillation of Pristine 2D Materials by 2D-Confined Electrolytes ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 34 (29), 2024, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202315038. @article{WOS:001186210500001, title = {Fibrillation of Pristine 2D Materials by 2D-Confined Electrolytes}, author = {Hui Li Tan and Katarzyna Z Donato and Mariana C F Costa and Alexandra Carvalho and Maxim Trushin and Pei Rou Ng and Xin Hui Yau and Gavin K W Koon and Jakub Tolasz and Zuzana Nemeckova and Petra Ecorchard and Ricardo K Donato and Antonio Castro H Neto}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.202315038}, times_cited = {1}, issn = {1616-301X}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-01}, journal = {ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, volume = {34}, number = {29}, publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}, address = {POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}, abstract = {2D materials are solid microscopic flakes with a-few-Angstrom thickness possessing some of the largest surface-to-volume ratios known. Altering their conformation state from a flat flake to a scroll or fiber offers a synergistic association of properties arising from 2D and 1D nanomaterials. However, a combination of the long-range electrostatic and short-range solvation forces produces an interlayer repulsion that has to be overcome, making scrolling 2D materials without disrupting the pristine structure a challenging task. Herein, a facile method is presented to alter the 2D materials' inter-layer interactions by confining organic salts onto their basal area, forming 2D-confined electrolytes. The confined electrolytes produce local charge inhomogeneities, which can conjugate across the interlayer gap, binding the two surfaces. This allows the 2D-confined electrolytes to behave as polyelectrolytes within a higher dimensional order (2D -> 1D) and form robust nanofibers with distinct electronic properties. The method is not material-specific and the resulting fibers are tightly bound even though the crystal structure of the basal plane remains unaltered.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } 2D materials are solid microscopic flakes with a-few-Angstrom thickness possessing some of the largest surface-to-volume ratios known. Altering their conformation state from a flat flake to a scroll or fiber offers a synergistic association of properties arising from 2D and 1D nanomaterials. However, a combination of the long-range electrostatic and short-range solvation forces produces an interlayer repulsion that has to be overcome, making scrolling 2D materials without disrupting the pristine structure a challenging task. Herein, a facile method is presented to alter the 2D materials' inter-layer interactions by confining organic salts onto their basal area, forming 2D-confined electrolytes. The confined electrolytes produce local charge inhomogeneities, which can conjugate across the interlayer gap, binding the two surfaces. This allows the 2D-confined electrolytes to behave as polyelectrolytes within a higher dimensional order (2D -> 1D) and form robust nanofibers with distinct electronic properties. The method is not material-specific and the resulting fibers are tightly bound even though the crystal structure of the basal plane remains unaltered.
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